UNIVERSAL CONDENSATE PUMPS SAT NEWS
are not yet deployed everywhere. For temperature ranges below -70°C, if they exist, the solutions remain even more confidential. Regulations, standards and labels have been developed over the last 70 years at regional, national or global level to guarantee the quality of this cold chain. Since its creation in 1908, the IIR has been actively involved in this, and has been a partner of the United Nations since 1970 for the implementation of the agreement on the transport of perishable foodstuffs, known as the ATP agreement, but also of the World Health Organisation (WHO), which is deploying its quality and safety programme (PQS) for the vaccine cold chain. The IIR has also supported the International Healthcare ColDays of the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF) since 2008 and has co-published the best practice guide on the cold chain for health products.
What prospects for the temperature- controlled logistics of the Covid-19 vaccine? While the cold chain for health products - and more particularly vaccines - can efficiently deliver vaccines at +2°C/+8°C almost anywhere in the world, this is not necessarily the case for large-scale vaccination campaigns with products to be stored below -20°C, and even less so at -80°C. The challenge is unprecedented, but the battle is not lost.
For below -20°C products, existing and widely used solutions for frozen products can quickly be duplicated in the vaccine cold chain. They are well known, controlled, available and, in some cases, already certified. For below -80°C products, the situation is more complex, but not hopeless. Although there is currently no significant storage and transport capacity for thermosensitive products below -80°C, technical solutions do exist. As regards storage, the air-source open-cycle refrigeration machines used for refrigeration in tuna warehouses at -60°C, for example, can also be used at -80°C.
They can also be used for cold distribution chambers. For transport, nitrogen cryogenic transport units used at -20°C can also be used at -80°C with reinforced insulation boxes. If we are talking about temperatures close to -80°C, as is often the case with health products, then dry ice plays an important role in transport, especially in insulated packaging and containers both for air transport and for land transport in combination with refrigerated trucks. There are already cabinets for storage at -80°C, especially in hospitals and laboratories. Finally, the readjustment of the temperature of these products prior to injection should not be neglected: it is not innocuous to go from -80°C to +20°C. And launching a massive vaccination campaign with products below -80°C requires determining these means, deploying them on a large scale and training the users of this equipment. Conclusions
The temperature-controlled logistics of the global massive vaccination against Covid-19 is a real challenge, as much for its unprecedented importance as for its technical specificity, as announced by several laboratories. Whether at temperatures below -20°C or -80°C, for all or part of the chain, new means will have to be put in place with costs significantly higher than typically implemented for vaccine logistics. This is a matter for experts and specialists. The most precise information, particularly concerning temperature requirements, must be made available as soon as possible. The IIR and its hundreds of experts around the world are at the forefront of these issues and will provide their scientific and technical expertise on the cold chain for health products to the public and private players involved in these operations: governments, health agencies, hospitals, pharmaceutical laboratories and, more broadly, health and logistics professionals. All these experts are already at work to provide concrete answers and face the challenge of the global massive Covid-19 vaccination.
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December 2020 15
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