Metabolic Complications of Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition References
1. Badia-Tahull MB, Leiva-Badosa E, Llop-Talaverón J, et al. Liver function test alterations associated with parenteral nutrition in hospitalized adult patients: incidence and risk factors. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(4):1279-1285. doi:10 . 3305 / nh . 2012 . 27 . 4 . 5827
2. Gabe SM, Culkin A. Abnormal liver function tests in the parenteral nutrition fed patient. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2010;1(2):98-104. doi:10 . 1136 / fg . 2009 . 000521
3. Salvino R, Ghanta R, Seidner DL, Mascha E, Xu Y, Steiger E. Liver failure is uncommon in adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(3):202-208. doi:10 . 1177 / 0148607106030003202
4. Xu ZW, Li YS. Pathogenesis and treatment of parenteral nutrition- associated liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2012;11(6):586-593. doi:10 . 1016 / s1499 - 3872(12)60229 - x
5. Żalikowska-Gardocka M, Niewada M, Niewiński G, et al. Early predictors of liver injury in patients on parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;51:319-322. doi:10 . 1016 / j . clnesp . 2022 . 08 . 007
6. Nowak K. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020;15(2):59-62. doi:10 . 1002 / cld . 888
7. Kumpf VJ. Complications of parenteral nutrition. In: Chan, L-N ed. ASPEN Adult Nutrition Core Curriculum. 4th ed. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 2025:467-486.
8. Mirtallo JM, Ayers P, Boullata J, et al. A.S.P.E.N. lipid injectable emulsion safety recommendations, part 1: background and adult considerations. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35(5):769-782. doi:10 . 1002 / ncp . 10496
9. Ayers P, Bobo ES, Hunt RT, Mays AA, Worthington PH, eds. Complications of parenteral nutrition. In: ASPEN Parenteral Nutrition Handbook. 3rd edition. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 2020.
10. Perks P, Huynh E, Kaluza K, Boullata JI. Advances in trace element supplementation for parenteral nutrition. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1770. doi:10 . 3390 / nu14091770
11. Baker B, Ali A, Isenring L. Recommendations for manganese supplementation to adult patients receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition: an analysis of the supporting evidence. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016;31(2):180-185. doi:10 . 1177 / 0884533615591600
12. Borum PR. Carnitine in parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(5 suppl):s129-s34. doi:10 . 1053 / j . gastro . 2009 . 08 . 016
13. Haines KL, Ohnuma T, Trujillo C, et al. Hospital change to mixed lipid emulsion from soybean oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in hospitalized and critically ill adults improves outcomes: a pre-post-comparative study. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):317. doi:10 . 1186 / s13054 - 022 - 04194 - 8
14. Bering J, DiBaise JK. Short bowel syndrome: complications and management. Nutr Clin Pract. 2023;38(Suppl 1):S46-S58. doi:10 . 1002 / ncp . 10978
15. Pironi L, Labate AM, Pertkiewicz M, et al. Prevalence of bone disease in patients on home parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2002;21(4):289-296. doi:10 . 1054 / clnu . 2002 . 0548
16. Hartl WH, Jauch KW, Parhofer K, Rittler P; Working Group for Developing the Guidelines for Parenteral Nutrition of the German Association for Nutritional Medicine. Complications and monitoring: guidelines on parenteral nutrition, Chapter 11. Ger Med Sci. 2009;7:Doc17. doi:10 . 3205 / 000076
17. Boulétreau PH, Bost M, Fontanges E, et al. Fluoride exposure and bone status in patients with chronic intestinal failure who are receiving home parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(6):1429-1437. doi:10 . 1093 / ajcn / 83 . 6 . 1429
18. Acca M, Ragno A, Francucci CM, D’Erasmo E. Metabolic bone diseases during long-term total parenteral nutrition. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007;30(6 suppl):54-59.
19. Haderslev KV, Tjellesen L, Haderslev PH, Staun M. Assessment of the longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004;28(5):289-294. doi:10 . 1177 / 0148607104028005289
85
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149
