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Parenteral Nutrients and Formulations


Beth Peterson, MS, RD, CSO, LDN, CNSC


Parenteral nutrition (PN) components consist of IV forms of macro- nutrients and micronutrients, including dextrose, amino acids (AAs), vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE). Various quantities of these components are combined to create a final PN formulation that will meet the nutrient needs of the individual patient. Certain medications can also be included as part of a PN formula. This chapter reviews the major components of PN formulas, additives, spe- cialized AA formulations, compounding methods, and various PN com- ponent preparations.


Macronutrients


Dextrose Dextrose monohydrate is the carbohydrate source used in IV solutions. Dextrose monohydrate provides 3.4 kcal/ g instead of the 4.0 kcal/ g pro- vided by food sources of carbohydrate. Commercial dextrose solutions ranging from 2% to 70% are available. Widespread availability of auto- mated compounding devices means that most health care organizations


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