SIGNS/SYMPTOMS SKIN (continued)


Seborrheic dermatitis scaliness, waxiness, oiliness; crusty plaques on the scalp, lips, and nasolabial folds


Reddish-purple spots


• Petechiae (perifollicular hemorrhage): reddish- purple pinpoint spots of bleeding under the skin


• Purpura: reddish-purple–colored larger spots or patches under the skin and in mucus membranes, including the lining of the mouth


Bruising / Ecchymosis Pallor paleness in skin, face, and/or hands Follicular hyperkeratosis


keratin buildup around the hair follicles, which creates bumps on the skin


Hypopigmentation loss of pigment in patches: melanocytes


Hyperpigmentation


extremities, dorsum of the hands and feet, joint location of fingers and toes


Deficiency: Copper • Selenium Deficiency: Vitamin B12*


Deficiency: Vitamin B12 • Vitamin C • Vitamin K Other: Malnutrition^


Deficiency: Copper Anemia: Iron • Vitamin B12 • Folate


Deficiency: Vitamin A • Vitamin C


Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Blood disorders • Abuse • Severe alcohol abuse • Warfarin therapy • Injury


Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Blood loss Risk of deficiency: Pregnant • Gastrointestinal disorders


Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Infection of hair follicle • Syphilis


Additional information: Phrynoderma is a form of follicular hyperkeratosis


Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Genetic and autoimmune skin disorder (eg, vitiligo)


Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Hormonal changes • Excessive sun exposure • Anti-seizure medications


Additional information: More common in darker- skinned people


MICRONUTRIENT EXAM: CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF NUTRITION FOCUSED PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS PEDIATRIC MALNUTRITION INDICATORS 38


Deficiency: Riboflavin • Biotin • Vitamin B6 • Zinc • Essential fatty acids*


Deficiency: Vitamin C • Vitamin K Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Nasal drainage


Additional information: Uremic frost may look like seborrheic dermatitis


Possible non–nutrition-related causes: Thrombocytopenia • Vasculitis • Leukemia • Severe fever • Endocarditis • Warfarin therapy • Injury


POSSIBLE NUTRITION-RELATED CAUSES


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION


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