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Environmental Laboratory


Vacuum Manifold now Available


Restek is pleased to announce the launch of the new Resprep VM-96 vacuum manifold. Designed for performance, versatility,


ergonomics, and accuracy, this new product is suitable for everyday solid phase extraction


(SPE), supported liquid extraction (SLE), protein precipitation (PPT), and fi ltration applications. The unit is compatible with 96-well plates from any manufacturer and has many features that make it superior to other models. The Resprep VM-96 has a heavy-duty, stainless steel and aluminum body so it stays in place better than lighter models and is precision manufactured so parts assemble quickly and easily. The built-in viewing window allows for easy observation of plate height and drip rate, and the durable O-ring and gaskets provide leak-free seals time after time. It also includes a precision height adaptor and fi ve shims so users can customize plate height to their exact requirements.


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Flow and Pressure Control for OEM Applications


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Hygienic Conductivity Sensor Released for Life Science Applications


Endress+Hauser releases the Memosens CLS82D conductivity sensor for production, process development and laboratory applications in the pharmaceutical and life sciences industries. The four-electrode sensor measures conductivity from 1 µS/cm to 500 mS/cm and temperature from 23 to 248 °F (-5 to 120 °C) with accuracy of ≤4% and repeatability of 0.2%. For hygienic applications, the CLS82D has 316L stainless steel construction, electropolished surfaces that are easy to clean, hygienic process connections and IP68 protection, and it can be sterilised in place (SIP) at temperatures up to 284 °F (140 °C) for clean-in-place (CIP) operations. The CLS82D is certifi ed for EHEDG, FDA, 3-A and pharmaceutical applications. Typical applications include phase separations, chromatography, fermentation, CIP, monitoring and ultrafi ltration.


The sensor is available in a standard PG13.5 thread size, with 1.5 and 2 inch


Tri-Clamp sanitary fi ttings, or with an NPT fi tting, making it suitable for a variety of applications. The conductivity measuring cell has four platinum electrodes housed in a ceramic sensor element. Similar temperature expansion behaviors of the materials ensure the material bond stays tight even during extreme temperature changes, allowing cleanability and aseptic hygiene. During operation, an alternating current is applied to the outer electrode pair. At the same time, the voltage applied is measured at the two inner electrodes. The electrolytic conductivity between the electrodes can be reliably established based on the measured voltage and the current fl ow caused by the liquid’s resistance. The advantage of this technology compared to traditional two-electrode sensors is that electrochemical effects at the live electrodes are suppressed by the two additional voltage measuring electrodes. The sensor connects to an Endress+Hauser Liquiline transmitter that sends conductivity and temperature information to a process control, SCADA or monitoring system via 4-20mA HART, Profi bus DP, Modbus RTU or EtherNet/IP. Liquiline transmitters


also have a web server that allows the CLS82D’s output, status, diagnostics, logbooks and calibration information to be viewed on a handheld tablet, smartphone or laptop PC via a Wi-Fi or internet connection via any web browser. The CLS82D is a digital sensor, so it can stores a variety of data in the sensor itself including serial number, data of manufacture, calibration date, number of calibrations, conductivity application range, cell constant, hours of operation at high temperatures, and other data quantifying operating history. These features allow “plug and play” compatibility with the Liquiline transmitter to simplify commissioning, maintenance and replacement—while also improving improves reliability. For example, an existing sensor can be quickly replaced with a pre-calibrated sensor which automatically connects to the Liquiline transmitter via a non-contact digital connection, eliminating problems with moisture and corrosion. Maintenance intervals can be more effi ciently determined based on stored sensor load and calibration data instead of simply on a calendar basis.


The Buzz Around Nanosponge SERS and Trace-Level Detection


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Ocean Optics has shown how highly-sensitive, trace-level Raman spectroscopy measurements can detect concentrations of insecticide that are less than a fi ftieth of the level judged harmful to honeybees.


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Using a real-world example related to the problem of honeybee population decline, the company demonstrated the power of RAM-SERS-SP Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy substrates’ proprietary gold-silver nanosponge alloy. By comparing the ability of new gold-silver substrates with that of traditional substrates to detect imidacloprid, an insecticide suspected to be dangerous to bee colonies, Ocean Optics scientists were able to demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity that RAM-SERS-SP substrates bring to Raman measurements.


SERS substrates amplify very weak Raman signals by many orders of magnitude, with measurements of SERS-active analytes possible at even parts-per-trillion levels. Silver-only SERS substrates work best with 532 nm Raman excitation, while gold substrates are better suited to


Integrate automated fl ow control into OEM applications by utilising a dedicated fl ow sensor or—if multiple channels exist—by integrating an electronic pressure controller together with a calibrated fi xed orifi ce, such as those from Alicat Scientifi c.


OEM mass fl ow controllers are designed to be “more than fi t for purpose” for stress free integration into OEM products within an economical small footprint package. Based upon a high accuracy MEMS sensor, and yet feature rich, they deliver 100-ms speed of control response for eight pre-loaded gases. Access PID valve tuning, if required, to optimise in-situ speed of response and stability. Of special interest to equipment manufacturers is the detail that no warm-up is required as they are ready to measure almost instantly.


Alternatively, obtain OEM fl ow control through a fi xed orifi ce together with an OEM Pressure Controller. This technique—the most cost-effective form of fl ow control—can be specifi cally customised for optimised form, fi t and function. PD valve tuning remains accessible for best speed and stability. Dual valve confi gurations effi ciently control dead-ended volumes (i.e. for non through-fl ow or enclosed volume applications).


The capability to include differing measuring and control techniques across a wide suite of gas fl ow control instruments ensures that the optimum solution can be provided without compromising quality, service support, or performance specifi cations.


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785 nm Raman systems. By combining the silver and gold on one substrate the new SERS nanosponge substrates perform well with either wavelength. When used with 638 nm Raman excitation, the nanosponge substrates are enhanced to an even higher level of sensitivity.


Recent high rates of honeybee loss have been investigated by US government regulators and other researchers. According to ongoing US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) studies, the insecticide imidacloprid has been identifi ed as a threat to commercial honeybee colonies, with the agency citing traces at concentration levels greater than 25 ppb as likely harmful to honeybees.


To test the effectiveness of Ocean Optics substrates in detecting imidacloprid at these harmful trace levels, Ocean Optics scientists set up a lab experiment using the company’s gold nanoparticle and gold-silver nanosponge SERS substrates. They made a series of measurements using the gold nanoparticle substrates, in a setup with 785 nm Raman laser excitation, and a series of measurements using the gold-silver nanosponge substrates, in a setup with 638 nm Raman excitation.


In the test, the gold-silver nanosponge SERS substrates delivered the best results, detecting imidacloprid concentrations as low as 0.4 ppb (well within the 25 ppb concentration rate cited by the EPA as harmful to bees). The substrates high sensitivity and low background noise made it easier to discern Raman peaks at these very low-concentration levels.


Raman is a useful technique for fast, non-destructive analysis, with the enhanced sensitivity provided by SERS substrates allowing detection of trace levels of samples such as insecticides. Affordable and easy to use, the Ocean Optics SERS substrates are well suited to deployment in the lab or fi eld. To read the full Honeybee Insecticide Detection application note, visit the Ocean Optics website.


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