Air Monitoring 13 New Gas Cooler for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems According to EU 15267


Since January 6. 2011, emissions from combustion plants within the European Union must be continuously monitored according to the stipulations of European Directive 2010/75/EU of November 24. 2010. The automatic emission monitoring systems required must comply with EN 14181 which comprises three quality classes. These systems follow the intention to monitor the emission levels across the European Union by uniform standards. Consequently, only analysis systems which are approved and certified to EN 15267 are acceptable. To ensure that the sample gas remains unchanged all the way down from the source to the analyser, all wetted components involved must not react with, or wash out, components of the gas. Before they can be installed, these systems are tested according to EN 15267-3 and certified. Later modifications or changes may need additional approval. The new TC-Double gas cooler, recently lauched by Bühler Technologies fully complies with EN 15267. The TC-Double runs the sample gas through a cooling cascade created by two thermically separated cooling blocks. Specially designed heat exchangers of a are inserted into these blocks. During the process the gas cascades through these heat exchangers. As it is possible to regulate the dew points of the two thermal systems separately, the separation of the moisture transported by the sample gas can be controlled in a narrow band and hence, the washing out of components like SO² is limited to the unavoidable minimum. Application specific, the TC-Double can be completed with additional equipment such as a sample gas pump, filter, moisture sensor and peristaltic twin pump. The cooling performance is 270 kJ/h. For applications with higher ambient temperatures than 40°C a tuned version performs up to 55°C. The power supply is 230V or 115V AC.


Proven and Improved Series of Differential Pressure Sensor


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Sensirion presents the new differential pressure sensors of the SDP800 series. The sensors are the result of more than 15 years of experience in measuring air flow to millions of HVAC systems, car engines and patients. They consequently utilise the successful features of the SDP600 differential pressure sensor and come in the same proven housing, which enables easy integration. The next generation chip combines outstanding accuracy and long-term stability with extended functionality and higher measurement speed at even lower cost. Thus, the new SDP800 is the reliable and advanced solution for the most demanding, but cost-sensitive HVAC applications, such as VAV controllers and burners.


The new differential pressure sensors of the SDP800 series offer excellent repeatability and measurement


speed up to 2 kHz. The fully calibrated and temperature-compensated sensors are available in numerous versions that differ in pressure range, pneumatic connection and output signal. Whereas the analog version provides a configurable analog voltage output, the digital version features different measurement modes, smart averaging functions and multiple I2C addresses. Both versions come with either 125 Pa or 500 Pa bidirectional pressure range and provide a manifold or tube connection.


Like all Sensirion differential pressure sensors, the SDP800 series is based on Sensirion’s patented CMOSens® Technology, which combines the sensor element, signal processing and digital calibration on a small CMOS chip. The differential pressure is measured by a thermal sensor element using the flow- through principle. Thanks to this, Sensirion’s CMOSens® differential pressure sensors come with no zero-point drift and outperform traditional piezo- resistive membrane sensors in terms of sensitivity at low differential pressures, offset drift and hysteresis, as well as position sensitivity, shock resistance and temperature variations.


An evaluation kit is available for quick and easy testing of the digital SDP800 sensors. This EK-P5 evaluation kit consists of a SDP810 sensor that is easily plugged into a PC via an USB cable. With the help of the software available online for download, the differential pressure sensor can be tested under realistic conditions by following the simple installation steps. The kit can be purchased directly from Sensirion distributors.


Are China’s New Coal Plants a Waste?


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Carbon Tracker argues that as the biggest emitter of carbon worldwide, China already has an excess amount of coal plants and that in order to meet its goals as laid out at the COP21 talks in Paris last year, it should be reducing capacity or shutting plants down, not building new ones.


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At present, China is home to the second biggest economy in the world and its astronomic rise to the top of the financial world was boosted primarily by its extensive network of coal-powered plants. Carbon Tracker estimate that the country has enough plants to generate 895GW of energy across the nation, supplying more than half of their electricity needs.


However, mounting concerns over the pollution levels in the Asian superpower (which has long flirted with the title of most polluted country in the world) have led to the government entering a new era in Chinese air quality monitoring. Among other measures, China has poured more money into renewables than any other country and made concerted efforts to clean up the airwaves of its big cities.


However, the government has been willing to roll back coal output. Though Beijing had set itself a target of reducing coal capacity by 250 million tonnes by the end of the year (and allegedly reached that target in October), capacity reduction does not always equate to lower output. The reasons for this are the significant numbers of workers who owe their livelihood to coal; shutting down plants could potentially lead to mass unemployment and unrest, which is what the government fears most.


Now, Carbon Tracker have accused the Chinese government of investing almost £400 billion in new plants, despite the fact that it only operates most of its existing ones at about half capacity.


Carbon Tracker, who specialise in monitoring atmospheric carbon dioxide in the vicinity of coal-fired power plants, claimed that 205GW of capacity were already under construction in China, with an additional 495GW earmarked for construction in the near future.


“This misallocation of capital is a microcosm of wider structural woes within the Chinese economy,” says the report. “China’s rapid economic growth, demographic profile and geographical size has meant it often made sense for the government to build power infrastructure first and ask questions later. The days when China could grow at a fast pace by accumulating capital, safe in the knowledge that this capital would achieve high returns, appear to be over.”


Carbon Tracker estimated the total cost of these new installations at £385 billion, working out to £630 million per KW. In the past, Carbon Tracker has advised that continuing to blindly invest in coal could lead to another financial crash with disastrous repercussions across the globe. On the other hand, the company argue that even if energy needs continued to grow at an inflated rate of 5% in China over the next four years, and all plants were run at just 45% capacity, the country would still produce enough energy to meet its needs.


As such, investing in further sources of coal-fired energy production appear to be a giant waste of investment capital and a blow to the hopes of environmentalists everywhere.


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JCTstands for reliable transfer of sample gas from the stack to the analyzer to ensure trust- worthy results.


JCT


Analysentechnik GmbH


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The Chinese government has come under heavy criticism from London-based climate group Carbon Tracker Initiative, who claim the country plans to waste as much as £385 billion on new coal-fired power plants.


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