13
of silica precursors as well as calcination of porogens at high temperature etc. It is expected that these similar steps in the manufacture of SPP will also lead to the presence of voids within the shell of silica particles.
Conclusions
Due to the unique homogeneous pore structure of SOLAS™ MonoDense™ separations are possible at faster fl ow rates without compromising effi ciency as shown above in van Deemter plots. A slightly higher back pressure is noted for SOLAS™ MonoDense™ particles possibly due to the fact that no large voids or pores exist within the particle. Commercial silica that contain ‘large starburst’ voids show a dramatic increase in the C term.
By comparison, particles that have monodense structure and contain a homogeneous internal pore structure leads to the effi cient transfer of analytes into and out of the silica pore structure, thereby leading to more effi cient and effective chromatography. Additionally, the Glantreo
particles represent a media that is easier to pack with a reduced failure rate in packing.
From FIB-SEM analysis of core shell particles it would seem that this phenomenon also exists with the SPP particle class. This monodensity issue may explain why some particles with remarkably similar physiochemical properties [e.g. surface area, pore size, pore volume particle size and particle size distribution, carbon coverage etc.] may behave so radically different when packed into a chromatographic column.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Dr Andrew Alpert (PolyLC) & Dr Donal Keane (University College Cork) for useful discussions.
References 1. Hyde et al. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016 8891-8913
2. Iler, R. K. The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1979.
3. Stöber, W.; Fink, A.; Bohn, E. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1968, 26, 62–69.
4. Büchel, G.; Grün, M.; Unger, K. K.; Matsumoto, A.; Kazuo, T. Supramol. Sci. 1998, 5 (3–4), 253–259.
5. Keane et al. J Porous Mater (2010) 145-152
6. Kirkland et al. LE.57 Abstract submitted to 40th ISCC_0268
7. Abdallah, N.H., Schlumpberger, M., Gaffney, D.A., Hanrahan, J.P., Tobin, J.M., Magner, E. 2014, 108, 82-88
8. Brunauer, S.; Emmett, P. H.; Teller, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60 (2), 309–319.
9. Omamogho et al Anal Chem. 2011 1547-1556
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