subjects, and achieved relatively high ac- curacies for predicted drug categories even with an abbreviated evaluation. Te second, more thorough, analysis of the efficacy of the DRE program was achieved within a more realistic environ- ment—with actual impaired drivers. Te advantages in this study were immediately apparent. Te drivers, uninhibited by ethical restraints that limited physicians at Johns Hopkins University, could self-dose both legal and illegal drugs to achieve their own desired level of intoxication—levels frequently considered medically dangerous in a clinical seting. Further, these subjects were more characteristic of those typi- cally investigated for impaired driving in which the DRE program was intended. Not
surprisingly, DREs achieved an even higher success rate in this field study. The success of these two studies
inspired NHTSA to further develop this program and share its success with other states. By standardizing the curriculum, conducting further research, and provid- ing “seed money” to help get states going, NHTSA demonstrated their support of the need for law enforcement officers to be trained to detect drug-impaired driving. NHTSA continues to support the program by funding research and curriculum updates through the Inter- national Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). The Highway Safety Committee of the IACP oversees the curriculum and standards for law enforcement’s efforts to combat impaired driving. All of these
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