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Aquatic situations are complex because of the variety of habitats and the implications of using pesticides around water. There are explicit guidelines, although these are under constant review mainly because of the Water Framework Directive
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The Water Framework Directive is legislation that has been created at the European level and has been approved by all Member States and is currently being implemented by the UK Government. It means that the Environment Agency reviews the impact of all materials on water systems on a catchment basis. A number of herbicides are currently under review to ascertain if they are being found within the water systems.
How does this impact how we control problems in aquatic systems?
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Over the last decade, a significant proportion of the pesticides that we used and took for granted have lost their approval for use. Within an aquatic system, chiefly, we relied upon Dichlobenil granules (Embargo G and Casaron G), these would sink to the bottom of the pond and control the plants in situ. However, it was deemed that there was the potential for these herbicides to be found within water and, therefore, they were removed from the list of approved products. However, this does leave us with a problem: there are no chemicals that are approved for use within the UK that can be used to control plants that are submerged within water. There is an important distinction to make here: plants that emerge from the water or are floating on the water can be controlled with the use of Glyphosate with the specific written approval of the Environment Agency.
Therefore, submerged weeds that can’t currently be controlled with herbicides are; Canadian Pondweed (Elodea Canadensis), Water Soldier (Stratiotes aloides), Curly Waterweed (Lagarosiphon major)
Alternative strategies are required to manage these type of situations; more on that within cultural control. The types of plant that can be controlled are; Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides)* Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum)* Water Primrose (Ludwigia grandiflora)* Water Fern (Azolla filiculoides)* Australian Swamp Stonecrop (Crassula helmsii)* Water Lillies (Nuphar and Nymphaea species) Hemlock Water Dropwort (Oenanthe crocata) Unbranched Bur Reed (Sparganium emersum)
*These are invasive non-native emergent macrophytes which it is now illegal to supply.
Three other species that are non- native and also highly invasive are; Japanese Knotweed (Falopia japonica)
Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)
These three species can all re- colonise via water borne seeds or vegetative fragments. Consequently, to be truly effective, any control programme needs to be coordinated on a catchment wide basis.
Further advice specific to these three species is offered on the Pitchcare iGuide section, along with details on controlling other difficult problems.
Cultural control
An overview of the situation enables us to identify a number of common
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