City of Virginia Beach Pattern Book
Shingle – A thin oblong piece of material, such as wood or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or sides of a house or other building.
Shingles, three-dimensional (or architectural shingles) – Laminated shingles. Shingles that have added dimensionality because of extra layers or tabs, giving a shake-like appearance.
Shutter – Usually lightweight louvered decorative frames in the form of doors, located on the sides of a window. Some shutters are made to close over the window for protection.
Siding – The finished exterior covering of the outside walls of a frame building.
Siding, lap – Slightly wedge-shaped boards used as horizontal siding in a lapped pattern over the exterior sheathing. Varies in thickness with widths up to 12 inches.
Sill – 1) The 2x4 or 2x6 wood plate framing member that lays flat against, and bolted to, the foundation wall (with anchor bolts) and upon which the floor joists are installed. Normally the sill plate is comprised of treated lumber. 2) The member forming the lower side of an opening, as a door sill or window sill.
Sill cock – An exterior water faucet (hose bib).
Single hung window – A window with one vertically sliding sash or window vent.
Pattern Book Appendices: Appendix B: Glossary: Construction Terms
Single-ply roof – See torch down roof.
Skylight – A more or less horizontal window located on the roof of a building.
Slab, concrete – Area of concrete pavement (i.e. driveways, garages, and basement floors). Slab, door – A rectangular door without hinges or frame.
Slab on grade – A type of foundation with a concrete floor placed directly on the soil. The edge of the slab is usually thicker and acts as the footing for the walls.
Slag – Concrete cement that sometimes covers the vertical face of the foundation void material.
Sleeper – Usually, a wood member embedded in concrete, as in a floor, that serves to support and to fasten the subfloor or flooring.
Soffit – A small ceiling-like space, often on the exterior of a building, such as the underside of a roof overhang.
Soil stack – A plumbing vent pipe that penetrates the roof.
Sole plate – The bottom, horizontal framing member of a wall that is attached to the floor sheeting and vertical wall studs.
Solid bridging – A solid member placed between adjacent floor joists near the center of the span to prevent joists or rafters from twisting.
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