AD VER TORIAL


peated practicing in most complicated and challenging situations. Well-known Russian enterprises,


recognised as world leaders in mari- time simulator design, have developed Laguna-family naval task force tactical simulators providing Navy's combat training of various types and at differ- ent levels within a single information field. This high-technology simulators are promoted to the international mar- ket by Rosoboronexport, the Russian state trade company for export and im- port of the whole range of military and dual-purpose end items and services. Experts have expressed great interest in this simulators at the Defexpo India 2014 exhibition. This year Rosoboro- nexport also plans to introduce them at world’s largest naval exhibition Eu- ronaval, which will be held in October in Paris. Modern information and network-


ing technologies normally realised by software engineers and programmers in the Laguna integrated simulators provide realistic operational models of both single ships/boats and various- purpose naval tactical forces, such as search-and-strike, antisubmarine, reconnaissance, landing and other teams. To realise this potential the tacti-


cal simulator has an open architecture allowing its structure to be tailored to match the assigned task and force composition. Its backbone component


REALISTIC NAVAL BATTLE SIMULATOR:


EFFECTIVE, EFFICIENT AND SAFE


is a headquarters module integrating simulators of ships and other tactical items into a joint local area network. On the other hand such simulators also integrate simulators of ship's weapons and technical subsystems used for crews' combat training. In the group training mode of a naval task force these simulators are not stan- dalone any more, but are entered into a joint information space with a joint tactical background. The new system/ technical capabilities allow crews of ships/submarines/aircraft/helicopters, as well as coastal units, to hone their combat coordination/interoperation skills in joint combat actions. The naval tactical simulator of-


fered by Rosoboronexport is designed to teach and train commanders and operative officers at headquarters and command posts in order to improve their practical skills in managing task force/tactical formation operations. It ensures implementation of: - training tasks and tactical (special tactical) exercises carried out by sin- gle ships within flagship command posts of task forces in preparing and conducting combat actions, delivering weapons, and employing joint techni- cal facilities; - combat shakedown of naval task forc- es and training of their interoperability with other arms; - training of ships' combat crews in performing joint ship evolutions and


weapons delivery both independently and within tactical groups; - information support for data collec- tion, situation evaluation, tactical cal- culations and analysis of effectiveness to justify made decisions and plans; - debriefing and analysis of training activities. Besides other tasks the simulator's


modeling system is designed to verify decisions made which allows not only training officers but also studying tac- tical and weapons delivery techniques. Ample capabilities offered by high- performance computer simulation al- low the navy to elaborate and test new tactical concepts in basic conditions, to assess combat effectiveness, to eval- uate tactical and technical solutions implemented in prototypes of naval weapons under development. Since this tactical simulator is com-


puter-based it costs several times less than full-scale trainers, and its employ- ment allows saving ships' fuel, service life and ammunition. The tactical simulator can be used


In the 21st century naval warfare in


open sea and oceanic regions requires naval commanders and headquarters to plan combat actions taking well- grounded decisions in a complex and volatile tactical situation under a sys- tematic time shortage pressure. Enemy massed fire, electronic and informa- tion countermeasures make this com- bat environment even more complex. The above factors greatly raise require- ments for tactical training levels of ad- mirals and naval officers. Theory and practice of modern


warfare dictates that commanders and their staff officers should have perfect command of skills that allow them to properly evaluate battle situation, quickly make decisions, and provide all-round support and interaction for


task forces. They must be able to pre- pare optimal plans at short notice, of- fering most effective weapons delivery options for current situation and non- standard tactical maneuvers. At the same time commanders and officers must have full and clear vision of real- time battle situation at the sea theater, exercise covert and swift control over subordinate forces, maintain commu- nications with superior commanders/ headquarters, forecast further develop- ment of the situation. Such skills, knowledge and experi-


ence are needed to exercise efficient control over naval, mixed forces and task forces, and, ultimately, to ensure successful accomplishment of assault, antisubmarine, landing and other op- erations.


to educate and train military cadets and personnel of active military units at their home bases. Navy's combat training practice shows that these na- val simulators help increase tactical training intensity by 20-25 percent, irrespectively of weather conditions, time of the year and other factors. Thanks to early mastering of joint maritime activities with the help of the simulator at naval stations, the number of ship accidents at sea has been decreased by 1.7-1.8 times, and weapon/equipment failures by 2.5 times. Carrying out special tactical training exercises within naval task forces has allowed elaborating new tactical concepts, forms and meth- ods of weapons delivery and employ- ment of electronic countermeasures and other systems, as well as cutting periods of their assimilation by 1.3- 1.6 times. The tactical simulator composition


and completeness can be changed to satisfy customer requests. It’s carto- graphic and reference data bases can be reduced. Specialised software writ- ten to simulate tactical activities is un- changeable, allowing instructors to in- crease the number of training tactical groups to required quantity. Rosobo- ronexport also offers education of in- structors coming from national naval training centers, helping them to mas- ter training and database preparation methodology.


However, the question is how to


get all this knowledge in good time, as well as how to gain adequate combat experience in the peaceful period. Usually for this purpose were con-


ducted large-scale naval training ex- ercises burdened with high financial spendings and, sometimes, with seri- ous damage of costly ships and ship- borne equipment. Nowadays, the best way to raise


training levels of naval officers and naval task forces is to actively intro- duce computerised education meth- ods, training classes and combat/tacti- cal exercises conducted with the help of computer-based simulators. They provide unlimited opportunities for reviewing and analysing trainees' ac- tions, identifying errors, and allow re-


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