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receive protection against campy- lobacter, commonly known as vib- rio, which can be transmitted as a venereal disease from an infected bull into the heifer pool. “By doing these things 30 days
Preparation for
ahead of time,” Spire says, “any adverse effects that we potentially might have had on cycling, where she’s coming into heat and going out of heat, that can tend to be caused by an IBR vaccine and a BVD vac- cine are far enough away that those are of no consequence anymore. “The summer after the heifer has entered her fi rst breeding season she
the heifer’s fi rst breeding season should begin about 30 days in advance.
should be left alone from a vaccine standpoint. In fall when she’s preg- nancy checked, the emphasis shifts from protecting the fi rst pregnancy to protecting a later term pregnancy and preparing her for the calving sea- son. Spire says while respiratory virus protection does not need to receive boosters at this time, the lepto vaccine does not have a long duration of immunity that will provide protection in a high percentage of animals. “The fi rst-calf heifer should also receive a scours vaccine if there’s been
a scours problem in previous heifer calving groups. In addition, “At this point in time, we would want a comprehensive
vaccination program that would include rotavirus and coronavirus, E. coli and Clostridium perfringens types C&D, at a minimum. In a 7-way vaccine that we may have used back at weaning time you would have C. perfringens in it. Those are typically of short duration, but by giving it at this point in time we are actually boostering it at that fall preg check,” Spire points out.
Quality colostrum With these late-term vaccinations, the animal is on the road to making
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40 The Cattleman January 2014
good quality colostrum with high antibody levels against common diseases. The next time she would be processed in a comprehensive vaccina-
tion program would be 4 to 6 weeks pre-calving, but Spire says, “That is keyed upon the fact that we’re dealing with a nice tight calving group that’s typically not spread over more than 60 days. Ideally, our heifers are calving in 30 to 45 days in a well-managed heifer breeding program.” To generate the maximum antibodies to deliver to the calf through the
colostrum, the heifer needs to receive the highest possible level of pro- tection. It takes about 2 weeks from the time of vaccination to get to the peak blood levels of antibodies that can be transferred into the colostrum. About 2 weeks before calving, a heifer is going to start passing those
antibodies into her colostrum. Spire concludes, “There’s a timing issue there, and that’s why we’re looking at vaccinations at 4 to 6 weeks pre- calving to get the maximum level.” The timing also works for a heifer that calves at the end of the group’s
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