Cancer Treatment / LEARNING CURVE
59
and we have examined phenotypic and molecular commonalities among these cell lines, defining characteristics of cell surface antigen expression (Fosmire et al. 2004; Lamerato-Kozicki et al. 2006), tumor suppressor gene inactivation (Dickerson et al. 2005) and genome-wide gene expression profiles (Tamburini et al. 2010; Tamburini et al. 2009). Two important aspects arising from
this data were the observation that hem- angiosarcoma cells in isolation (cell cul- ture) have phenotypic properties sugges- tive of bone-marrow ontogeny, and spe- cifically of bone-marrow-derived (mesen- chymal?) stem cells (Lamerato-Kozicki et al. 2006). Alone, this data could not distinguish
if the tumors themselves arise from a cell in the bone marrow that migrates to a vascular plexus, or if they originate from a bona fide stem cell. The gene expres- sion profiling data offered some clues,
however, as the recurrent signature of these genes was associated with enrich- ment of angiogenic and pro-inflamma- tory genes, with no evidence of tissue specificity (Tamburini et al. 2010). More recent data shows that heman-
giosarcoma cells do not show site speci- ficity for growth, but intriguingly, they respond to microenvironment cues and adopt various functions as part of this response. These functions included not only the potential to form anatomically distinct structures or tumors, but also the potential to direct other cells in their environment to do so. Hemangiosar- coma cells also include subpopulations that retain traits associated with cancer stem cells, including self-renewal, che- moresistance and increased tumorigenic- ity in vivo. Each tumor may achieve these prop-
erties by independently disabling or enabling molecular networks associated
Continuing education is just a click away with the
Elanco PET Program Professional Education and Training
Motivate Motiv Educate Motivate ate
■ Earn free continuing education (CE) credits ■ Enables you to help screen patients
■ Makes it easier to discuss some of the latest developments in veterinary medicine
Educate EducateRewardReward
■ Behavior Management: Canine Separation Anxiety
■ Canine Dermatology and Parasitology ■ Feline Dermatology and Parasitology ■ Feline Behavior
Reward
■ RACE-approved CE credits upon completion of each learning module
■ Unique incentives and rewards upon completion of each learning module
Easy enrollment — register today at
elancopetprogram.com ©2012 Elanco CAH1044
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68