automatic film rewind, as you need to con- trol the rewind process to leave the leader out for reloading and manual positioning of the film.
Place a fresh roll of film in the camera and start the leader onto the take-up spool. Carefully
tighten up the film with the
rewind lever, and make a registration mark on the edge of the film next to some point in the camera, such as the edge of the film gate. Close the back and advance the film to the first frame. Next, go out at night and shoot this roll on a full moon, or a nice crescent, using a tripod and a telephoto to emphasize the moon. The moon should be in a cloudless portion of the sky and where the sky is not bright from city lights. Be sure nothing else is visible, such as a foreground tree branch, a tall building, etc. Shoot all frames with the moon near an
upper corner of the frame, leaving some space toward the edges to avoid having the moon positioned over the edge of the frame when you make the second exposures. You can shoot a variety of compositions (horizon- tal, vertical, moon at the left, at the right, etc.), but keep notes of where you place the moon in each frame for later reference with the second exposure.
Since the moon is reflected sunlight, use manual exposure mode and set the exposure for full sunlight. A good exposure with ISO 100 film is ƒ16 and ¹⁄₆₀th (or equivalent expo- sure setting such as ƒ11 and ¹⁄₁₂₅th, or ƒ8 and ¹⁄₂₅₀th, etc.)
After shooting the roll on the moon, slowly rewind the film, being careful to leave the leader out of the cassette by listening for the little “click” sound when the leader pulls free. Then start the roll through the camera again, after lining up your pen marks as you did the first time. This insures that each frame on the film will line up in pretty much the same position as the first time the film went through the camera, so your moon will appear in the correct position in the sky for the second exposure. (To leave the film leader out with a cam- era with automatic film rewind, do not shoot the last frame, but open the camera back in total darkness, remove the film, and twist
the cassette end knob to manually rewind the film, except for the leader, back into the cassette. Close the camera back and activate the rewind function before reloading, other- wise when you put the film back in it may be automatically rewound all the way into the cassette when you close the camera back.) Now, go out in the daytime (or at night with lighted subjects) and experiment by shooting a variety of trains or locomotives. Use a normal metered exposure for this sec- ond shot. This second, “multiple” exposure will capture your subject with the moon hanging above in the sky. (Be careful to al- low enough sky above your main subject on the second exposure so the moon will not be “sitting” in or on your subject!) With a 120/220 roll film camera, simply line up the arrows on the paper backing as you normally do when loading. However, af- ter making your moon exposures, you will have to “re-spool” the roll back onto the now empty film spool by hand in total darkness, in order to re-start it through your camera.
Hanging the Moon Digitally With a digital camera, the process to hang the moon is different. Rather than using a multiple exposure as above, you will have to use the Layers function in a computer image processing program (Photoshop is described here) to add a moon from a separate image. In this case, open your train image, then also open a moon image. Using the Elliptical Marquee Tool draw a circle around the moon, being careful to not let the selection include any adjacent sky. Then do a copy function, move back to the train image and paste the moon into the location you want above the train. If this is a daytime train image, use image
MENU > ADJUSTMENTS > LEVELS and move the mid-tone slider to the left to lighten the moon so it looks somewhat faded, as it does in a real daytime sky. If you’re pasting the moon into a night time train image, leave it fully bright. Flatten the layers and then zoom in on the moon so you can clean up any varying tonal values in the sky around the moon (there should not be any if you made a proper selection.
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The Rutland Railway shut down in 1961, ending an era in New England railroading. Three years later the railroad was revived by the state of Vermont and began operation as two different companies. Author
Rutland’s successors — the Vermont Railway and Green Mountain Railroad — with a tour of the lines between Burlington, Vermont, and North Walpole, New Hampshire, as well as numerous black & white photos illustrating rolling stock and structures of both. Steam is repesented through a look at Steamtown’s tenure on the Green Mountain in Bellows Falls, and oddball diesels are presented on the CLarendon & Pittsford, which connected with the Vermont at Rutland. Locomotive and rolling stock rosters are included, as well as a map.
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(M-F; 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. e.s.t.) 15 Philip R. Jordan looks at the
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