THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
‘The findings strongly suggest that the physical environment of the ward has a significant effect on the risk of being secluded.’
identity, privacy and normality when designing wards for intensive psychiatric care. It seems that obtrusive safety measures, at the expense of a pleasant home-like atmosphere, should be avoided. Finally, the findings highlight the need for more attention within the mental healthcare for the role and function of the physical environment on the well-being of patients and the reduction of restraint and seclusion, among other important interventions.15
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3 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2011 The Business Case for Preventing and Reducing Restraint and Seclusion use. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4632. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
4 Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg: Terugdringen separeren stagneert, normen vereist rondom insluiting psychiatrische patiënten. 2011. Den Haag. [Health Care Inspectorate: Reduction of seclusion stagnates, standards are required for the seclusion of psychiatric patients. 2011. The Hague, The Netherlands].
5 Dijkstra K., Pieterse ME, Pruyn A. Physical environmental stimuli that turn healthcare facilities into healing environments through psychologically mediated effects, systematic
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7 Zeisel J, Silverstein NM, Hyde J, Levkoff S, Powell Lawton M, Holmes W. Environmental Correlates to Behavioral Health Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Special Care Units. The Gerontolist 2003; 43: 697-711.
8 Schaaf PS, Dusseldorp E, Keuning FM, Janssen WA, Noorthoorn EO. The physical environment of (acute) psychiatric wards and the impact on seclusion and restraint. British Journal of Psychiatry 2012. (in review september 2012).
9 Aalst H. van der, Keuning FM., Maas-Calon M., Mimpen L. 2010. Gesloten huisvesting in de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg. [Quality and safety of buildings for psychiatric care]. TNO.
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11 Bowie P, Mountain G. The relationship between patient behaviour and the environmental quality for the dementing. International Journal of Geriatry and Psychiatry 1997; 12: 718-23.
12 Middelboe T, Schødt T, Byrsting K, Gjeerris A. Ward atmosphere in acute psychiatric in-patient care: Patients’ perceptions, ideals and satisfaction. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 103: 212-19.
13. Ulrich R, Quan X, Zimring C, Joseph A, Choudhary R. 2004. The Role of the Physical Environment in the Hospital of the 21st Century: A Once-in-a-Lifetime Opportunity. Center for Health Systems and Design, Texas A&M University.
14 Karlin BE, Zeiss RA. Environmental and Therapeutic issues in Psychiatric Hospital Design: toward best practices. Psychiatric Services 2006; 57: 1376-78.
15 Gaskin CJ, Elsom SJ, Happell B. Interventions for reducing the use of seclusion in psychiatric facilities: Review of the literature. British Journal of Psychiatry 2007;191: 298-303.
Providing insights into the vast field of healthcare engineering and facility management
IFHE DIGEST 2013 53
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