using it for potential access to evidence, plays a significant role in airport security decision making in relation to the operational employment of CCTV. This gives rise to an approach of deploying more and more fixed cameras to cover areas on the basis that if there are enough of them covering an area at least some of them are likely to allow you to do post-event analysis of what occurred and who was involved. Whilst it may be argued this has a preventative benefit in the sense that it has the capacity to provide evidence of who was involved in an incident, and if the perpetrators are apprehended disrupt further potential attacks, it does not resolve current threats while they are happening within the airport environment. On the other hand, the value of CCTV is often perceived by many to be its deterrent function. Whilst there is some evidence that a clearly visible CCTV presence deters crime to some extent, the range of crimes and events that continue to occur within airports show it is not the most effective approach to exploiting a CCTV system. This is also demonstrated in the frequency of incidents in CCTV
monitored environments across the wider community. Moreover CCTV is unlikely to have much deterrent value where the terrorist threat is the primary concern.
“...while airports are regarded as the prime exponents of the art of bag inspection ... industries such as casinos and precious mineral processing operations can provide valuable insights into active CCTV surveillance best practice...”
A more effective utilisation of CCTV is
the provision of situational awareness, of movements, flows and activities of people and equipment in the broader airport environment. Where situational awareness is achieved and maintained, the emergence of potential threats within the airport environment may be detected. Although situational awareness is one area of the CCTV discourse that receives little attention outside of its operational community,
the contextual application of CCTV for the provision of situational awareness is one of the most effective applications of the technology. However, situational awareness is dependent on the employment of well trained and competent operators who learn to recognise activity and behavioural norms and, more importantly, variations from those norms. Situational awareness though is not the same as active surveillance which is far more focused on specific targets, locations and activities. Active surveillance, like situational awareness, is very much dependent on the quality of operators exploiting the CCTV system. Where the focus is on active surveillance, in conjunction with situational awareness, the greatest opportunity for maximising exploitation of the system exists. While airports are regarded as the prime exponents of the art of bag inspection through X-ray and other screening technologies, industries such as casinos and precious mineral processing operations can provide valuable insights into active CCTV surveillance best practice.
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June 2012 Aviationsecurityinternational
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