CHILE
THE LIE OF THE LAND: IP IN CHILE
José Pablo Monsalve Monsalve PI & Cia
T e equation between intellectual assets and the market requires an adequate and effi cient protection system for innovation. In fact, intellectual property (IP) rights allow on the one hand, safe and effi cient incorporation of the creations of the human intellect into the market dynamics and on the other hand, coexistence of owners’ interests in the protected knowledge and the interests of society as a whole.
Nowadays, the international community recognises an international system which strengthens and harmonises rights and procedures applicable to creations of human intellect. In 1994, the origin agreement for the World Trade Organization (WTO) promoted the role of IP in a globalised world. The standards considered in the agreement acknowledge the indissoluble link between IP and international trade, underlining the importance of these rights for competitive markets.
For the past 21 years, Chile has laid the foundations to achieve a more complete, effi cient and modern IP system, formed and structured as follows:
Laws N° 19.996 (December, 2005) and N° 20.160 (January, 2007) incorporated important modifications to Law N° 19.039 regarding industrial property of 1991, in compliance with the requirements established in the WTO’s Trade-Related Aspects of IP Rights agreement (TRIPS) and in Chapter 17 of the Free Trade Agreement signed between Chile and the US (January, 2004).
The essential modifications and modernisations incorporated by the aforementioned laws are explained below.
Trademarks • A new definition of trademark eliminates those elements not pertaining to its essence.
• The principle of the secondary meaning of trademarks is acknowledged.
88 World Intellectual Property Review e-Digest 2012
• Sound marks are acknowledged. • Collective and guarantee marks are now considered. • The protection of well-known trademarks is strengthened.
• Priority rights are defined according to article 4 of the Paris Convention.
• For efficiency, the preventive admission exam is substituted with an exclusively formal one.
• The procedures for applying and granting industrial rights are accelerated and rationalised.
Invention patents
• The protection term is increased to 20 years as from the filing of the application.
• The non-discrimination principle of patentability is consecrated by the state of the art or technology.
• In civil matters, the judge’s judicial power is changed so that if he is aware of an infringement to the owner’s rights of a process patent, he may invert the burden of proof so that the defendant himself is the one that must provide proof that he is not infringing the registration owner’s rights.
• The patentability of microorganisms is established.
• A system of exceptions to disclosure (disclosures made within 12 months prior to the application filing date) is established.
•A mechanism is proposed which allows deferral of payment of costs associated with granting a patent, for those who lack the economic means to do so.
www.worldipreview.com
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