$32,500, while criminal penalties can reach $500,000 and fi ve years in jail. To avoid these charges and
ensure safety, use the following practical procedures.
In-Shop Handling Let the dross cool down
in a safe place and keep it dry in storage. Regulation 172.101 in the DOT Hazardous Materials Table states aluminum dross is forbidden to be shipped if it is hot or wet.
Registration Both the shipping metalcasting facility and the
carrier must be properly registered. Shippers must regis- ter with DOT annually by June 30 of each year using form F 5800 2. Fees are $250 plus a $25 processing fee for small businesses and $2,000 plus the processing fee for large busi- nesses. Carriers should be registered as hazardous materials carriers and have a safety permit per 49 CFR 385.400.
Certifi cation Statement As stipulated in the regulations, the shipper must include
Fig. 2. The offi cial U.S. Department of Transpor- tation shipping placard must be visible on all aluminum dross containers.
the following on the shipping papers: hazardous material’s proper name, identifi cation number, class packaging group,
quantity, number of containers (if not bulk shipment) and emergency
phone number. T is must be followed by the certifi cation statement. All the informa-
tion is to be listed fi rst on the bills of lading and separated from any information on other materials being shipped with the hazardous material.
Emergency Phone Number T e number must be manned by a knowledgeable person
or someone with immediate access to a knowledgeable per- son during transport, including incidental storage. T is may require specifi c training.
Appropriate Packaging Typically, non-bulk containers are used. Two types of
packaging are available for hazardous materials: specifi ca- tion packaging and non-specifi cation packaging. Specifi - cation packaging is more applicable to highly hazardous materials (e.g. radioactive, explosive or toxic). Metalcasting facilities can use non-specifi cation packaging, which covers special provision tank containers. Metal, composite, rigid plastic fi berboard and wooden containers are acceptable. All fexible, fi berboard and wooden containers must be sift-proof, water resistant and have a water resistant liner. When containers other than metal or rigid plastic are used, they must be transported in a closed freight container or closed transport vehicle. Bulk containers (roll-off boxes, semi-trailers) can be utilized, but they must be sift-proof, prevent water from reaching hazardous material and pro- vide suffi cient venting to preclude accumulation of fl am-
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ALUMINUM DROSS
Al4C3 + 6H2O → 2Al2 Aluminum Carbide
O3 + 3CH4
AlN + 3H2O → 2Al(OH)3 Aluminum Nitride
2Al + 3H2O → Al2 Aluminum
42 | MODERN CASTING January 2012 O3 + NH3 + HEAT Methane gas + HEAT Ammonia gas + 6H + HEAT Hydrogen gas
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