Imaging
Figure 4: How respondents currently access multi-modality imaging
N/A – prefer single modality only
Via sequential imaging on separate single mode systems, utilising co-registration of fiducial markers on imaging cassette
Via a fully integrated multi-modal system
N/A – use the digital ‘mouse atlas’ to provide anatomical context to optical images
Via fusion of images with non-rigid registration using non-linear partial differential equation on individual voxels
Via sequential imaging with single mode systems that are physically docked together
0% © HTStec 2011
10% 10%
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% % Responding
13% 19% 22% 26%
Most used single in vivo imaging modality
The single most used in vivo imaging modality today (2011) by survey respondents in their pre- clinical studies was optical (bioluminescence) (28% using). This was followed by magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI) (23% using); positron emis- sion tomography (PET) (20% using) and optical (fluorescence) (19%). All other labels had 3% or less use (Figure 3).
Figure 5: Multi-mode imaging combinations used today
N/A – only use single mode
PET + SPECT + CT Optical + X-ray Optical + SPECT Optical + CT SPECT + CT Optical + PET Optical + MRI PET + MRI PET + CT
Optical + US 0% © HTStec 2011 28% 15% 13%
12% 12%
7%
4% 4%
3% 3%
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% % Responding
39%
Figure 6: Animal species imaged today and expected for the future
Mouse
Rabbit Rat
Monkey Dog
55%
8% 8%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% % Responding
© HTStec 2011 100% 92%
Multi-modality in vivo imaging 26% of survey respondents prefer a single modality instrument for their in vivo preclinical studies. Of the remaining 74% preferring multi- mode imaging the greatest preference was shown for sequential imaging on separate single mode systems, utilising co-registration of fidu- cial markers on imaging cassette as the means to access multi-modality imaging (22% prefer- ring). This was followed by via a fully integrat- ed multi-modal system (19% preferring) and then N/A, ie use the digital ‘mouse atlas’ to pro- vide anatomical context to optical images (13% preferring) (Figure 4). 39% of survey respon- dents were not using multi-mode imaging com- binations today (2011) for their in vivo preclin- ical studies. Of those 61% using multi-mode imaging combinations, the biggest proportion was using PET+CT (28% using). This was fol- lowed by PET+MRI (15% using), Optical+MRI (13% using), and then Optical+PET and SPECT+CT (both 12% using). All other combi- nations were used by less than 10% of respon- dents (Figure 5).
Animal species imaged
The animal species most imaged today (2011) by survey respondents was the mouse (92% using). This followed by the rat (55%) using. All other species (rabbit, dog and monkey) were used by 8% or less than of respondents (Figure 6).
How in vivo imaging impacts drug development
Monitors disease progression and therapeutic response in longitudinal studies was ranked as how in vivo imaging exerts the greatest impact on drug development. This was followed by ensures pre- clinical in vivo data is as predictive as possible of the clinical outcome and then provides additional insight, leading to better decision-making. Least impact was expected on reducing the number of compounds failing in late phases (lower attrition rates) (Figure 7).
60 Drug Discovery World Summer 2011
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