Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management
“We are aware that the actions we are implementing are not enough to attain the behavioural changes we need in order to fight climate change. An enormous task lies before us, as we need all of the city’s inhabitants to become aware of the responsibility that each of them has in reversing this trend.”
Buenos Aires
Community-wide emissions reporting is mostly voluntary The CDP questionnaire asked C40 cities to identify the reporting requirements to which they are subject. 19 responding C40 cities report emissions to at least 1 national or international body, mostly voluntarily. 7 cities respond as a result of national requirements (i.e. national laws, national reduction program or national communications to the United Nations). 7 of the responding cities do not report community emissions data to any other bodies.
C40 cities have set aggressive, but widely divergent, targets 27 cities have established GHG reduction targets for community emissions – although baseline years and ambitions vary. Targets for community emissions are generally set for a longer time period than for city government/municipal emissions. Results show that 50 percent of responding cities set targets for a time period longer than 20 years, and with a GHG reduction target less than or equal to 50 percent. 2 cities have set the very ambitious reduction target of 100 percent. Among the different baseline years, 1990 is the most commonly reported and 30 percent is the most popular reduction goal.
Subsidies, fiscal incentives and building standards are the most popular GHG reduction activities Disclosing C40 cities identify a wide range of measures to achieve their reduction targets, including physical, financial and behavioral measures. The most commonly identified activities are subsidies, fiscal incentives, and building standards. For instance, Heidelberg has implemented a “passive house standard for the new city district Heidelberg Bahnstadt, one of the largest city development projects in Germany.”
For fiscal support, cities focus on energy efficiency loans and rebates, tax reduction for cleaner transport or cleaner vehicle technologies. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government applies various subsidies and fiscal incentives, such as “tax deductions on electric vehicles, energy-conservation equipment and other related goods” together with “subsidies for solar energy appliances for households”. Tokyo also provides “low-interest loans for energy conservation equipment for small and medium- sized business.”
Fig. 25: Spatial scale of community emissions data collection (% of respondents)
% 100
80 60 40 20 0
77%
7%
7% 7% 3%
Street level City level County/borough Combination Other
Number of responding cities (30)
Fig. 26: External verification of community emissions data (% of respondents)
24% 0 Yes 25 No Number of responding cities (29) 50 75 76% 100
23 © 2011 Carbon Disclosure Project
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