SPONSORED BY
HEAT PUMP GUIDE
New guidance targets large-scale heat pump installations
The new CIBSE Application Manual (AM) 17 provides the tools to support the delivery of eff ecting heat pump systems in large non-domestic buildings. Colin Goodwin, technical consultant for CIBSE explains
(AM) 17: Heat pumps for large non-domestic buildings, provides and consolidates best practice guidance with the aim of supporting high quality design, installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of large heat pump systems. The guidance sponsored by BEIS is free to use and will enable installations to
follow best practice and be delivered safely, legally and to a high quality. Arup worked as the technical order, under the direction of the CIBSE technical team and with support from a steering group of industry stakeholders, directed towards building services designers, developers, installers, and operators who are involved in the application of heat pumps to large non-domestic buildings. A key aim of this document is to increase awareness of the common issues
faced in delivering eff ective heat pump systems in larger buildings, thereby reducing future instances of ineff ective systems. Lord Callanan, Minister for Business, Energy and Corporate Responsibility,
in his foreword states: “Heat pumps are a proven, scalable technology for decarbonising heat and will play a substantial role in reducing the UK’s reliance on fossil fuels and ensuring our clean energy independence. We will go from installing around 35,000 heat pumps a year now to 600,000 per year by 2028. This is the minimum market size that will be required to be on track to deliver Net Zero in all future heat scenarios.” AM17 provides an overview of the diff erent heat pump technologies currently
available on the market, including air and water source heat pumps. It also highlights the advantages of diff erent ground source heat pump (GSHP) collectors – open-loop, vertical and horizontal arrays – and the importance of getting specialist advice.
Selecting a suitable and future-proofed refrigerant is key to the long-term
success of new heat pump systems. The trade-off s between performance and environmental impact of diff erent refrigerants are discussed, including a dedicated section on CO2 heat pumps. This guidance outlines the impacts of heat pumps and key considerations for
installers. This includes the building electrical supply: the installation of heat pumps may require a new electrical connection to the building. In addition to the kVA capacity required, the district network operator may require information on the starting method of the heat pumps – for example, direct-on-line, soft-start – as this can impact the electrical infrastructure. Due consideration must be given to the toxicity, fl ammability and risk of asphyxiation presented by refrigerants in enclosed spaces. This relates to plantroom ventilation. Further guidance is provided in BS EN 378.
In relation to air source heat pumps (ASHPs) and
outdoor units, noise, meltwater and pluming should also be considered carefully when locating such units, as run-off water is likely to refreeze, presenting a slip hazard. AM17 contains several case studies of existing air and ground source heat pump installations, which off er real- world insights into specifi c elements of designing and operating large heat pump systems. These include:
¡ Using annual building-load analysis to optimise your heat pump sizing ¡ System monitoring ¡ Sizing a cascade heat pump system ¡ Temperature stability using thermal stores ¡ Minimum turndown of heat pumps It also covers the less obvious impacts of installing heat pumps in large buildings. In relation to building electrical supply, the installation of heat pumps may require a new electrical connection to the building. In identifying the elements that infl uence the design and installation of a heat pump system, AM17 outlines four key considerations, a buildings peak heating and cooling demands; the heating and cooling demand profi les; the delivery strategy and associated distribution systems; and resilience requirements. The move to all-electric buildings is far from straightforward. Robust standards and guidance to support the industry are needed if the UK is to deliver high-quality heat pump installations, but there is a lack of up-to-date technical information that addresses heat pumps in larger buildings specifi cally. After the success of CIBSE’s 2021 guidance AM16 Heat pump installations for multi-unit residential buildings, the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy commissioned the Institution to produce guidance on heat pumps for large buildings. CIBSE worked with a team from Arup and a cross-industry steering group to author AM17: Heat pumps for large non-domestic buildings. AM17 Heat pump installation for large non-domestic buildings is
free to download and use via the CIBSE website,
https://go.cibse.org/ AM17nondomesticheatpumps CIBSE is a pioneer in responding to the threat of climate change. We support engineers in fi nding innovative ways to make buildings perform for individuals, the community and the planet. As a professional engineering institution, CIBSE has over 22,000 members across 95 countries. Our membership is diverse and comprises a broad range of specialisms. CIBSE consults the government on construction, engineering, and sustainability, providing the resources needed to meet net zero targets in the UK, Europe and worldwide. We are committed to supporting engineers and the vital role they play in creating a safe, sustainable future.
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