upskilling process inside the profession. It’s possible that in the future we will reach the definition of fully automated and intelligent systems, but even then, I believe that the values of communication, ethics and aesthetics promoted by human work will be able to tailor a more sustainable technological development inside the AEC industry.” John Williams fears that over-reliance on AI will end up as the bland leading the bland. ‘Spaces and concepts are created out of the


Even with Elon Musk’s best efforts, it’s unlikely that AI development will pause – so just as CAD and BIM went from novelty to normality, so too will AI


relationship between the client and designer, with client aspirations leading to interpretations within a space. Relying solely on AI to do this would lead to style without substance, like a story without a plot or a novel with shallow characters.’ Indeed, while creations by programs such as Midjourney look unique and exciting, since AI scrapes the internet for the imagery to inform its own work, this may already be changing. ‘Outcomes are starting to exhibit repetitive


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