volume of water to function normally. Until recently, dehydration has been largely ignored as a cause of fatigue; however, studies now show hydration through the intake of water is an important countermeasure to the rapid onset of fatigue-like symptoms.
SYMPTOMS OF FATIGUE
• Lethargy - usually accompanied by a desire to rest or sleep, worsening over time.
• Continuous yawning - can indicate fatigue, boredom or both.
• Stimulants - caffeinated beverages and/ or smoking being used to counteract the effects of fatigue.
• Mood - becoming increasingly irritable, less conversant and easily distracted.
• Concentration - memory and attention span are diminished; recall becomes less accurate; peripheral tasks are forgotten; the basics are overlooked; preoccupation with a single task and awareness of poor performance is lessened.
The goal is to stay awake and alert! There are no magic potions or solutions, but the following suggestions can help maintain your awareness and alertness.
1. Be aware of fatigue (you or fellow crew). 2. Exercise regularly. 3. Watch what you eat. 4. Drink water. 5. Use coffee, but in moderation. 6. Work in well-lit conditions. 7. Converse while working. 8. Take stretch breaks. 9. Splash cold water on your face. 10. Take power naps when appropriate.
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The central nervous system consists of the BRAIN and the extension of the brain called the SPINAL CORD, which runs through the center of the spinal column. The brain is about the size and appearance of a small head of cauliflower. It has over 100 billion nerve cells that allow us to think, plan, talk, dream and so much more.
The brain has two cerebral hemispheres, the left and right. Each takes care of one side of the body, but the controls are crossed: the right hemisphere takes care of the left side and vice versa. The brain is well
Central Nervous System 55
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