• Compression technique: Use two fingers (index and middle fingers) for chest compressions on infants to ensure proper depth and avoid causing harm to their delicate bodies.
• Compression rate: The compression rate for infant CPR is the same as for pediatric and adult CPR, at 100-120 compressions per minute.
• Single rescuer: For single rescuer CPR, the compression-to-ventilation ratio for infants is 30:2, meaning 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
• Two-rescuer CPR: In a two-rescuer scenario, it is recommended to perform continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute with a ventilation rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds (or 10 breaths per minute) without pauses for pulse checks. This approach helps maintain optimal blood flow during CPR.
• Use of feedback devices: The guidelines encourage the use of real-time audio and visual feedback devices during infant CPR to ensure the appropriate compression depth, rate, and recoil.
• Use of AED: For infants who experience sudden cardiac arrest, the use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is rare. However, if an AED with pediatric capabilities is available, it may be used if needed.
How often are CPR Guidelines Updated?
CPR guidelines are reviewed and updated every 5 years by organizations like the American Heart Association (AHA) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) to ensure that the techniques and recommendations are based on the most current scientific evidence and research in resuscitation science. The update frequency may vary depending on new research findings and advancements in the field.
CPR QUESTIONS AND CONCERNS
1. Should I be worried about disease transmission during CPR? Safety is always a concern; however, the probability of a rescuer becoming infected during CPR is minimal. It is recommended you utilize barrier devices such as gloves, pocket masks or face shields while performing CPR.
2. What if the patient vomits? A relatively common event during a CPR situation, patient vomiting must be dealt with quickly and efficiently. Turn the patient’s head to the side, clean the vomit out and continue CPR.
3. What if I don’t have a face shield or pocket mask? Carry a mask or face shield. If you don’t have one, you can do compressions only until a mask or shield arrives. Chest compressions alone are better than nothing.
4. Can I do CPR on a bed or couch? No. CPR must be done on a hard, flat surface. The floor is ultimately the best place as it affords you room to move around your patient and easily access needed items such as O2 and the AED.
5. What if I do it wrong? As long as you provide care to the best of your ability, the Good Samaritan laws discussed earlier will adequately protect you. It is easier to defend action than inaction!
6. When should I stop CPR? • If the patient starts to move. • When an AED arrives at the scene.
• When Aircare Access or trained medical rescuers tell you to stop.
• When someone of equal or higher training takes over.
• You are physically too tired to continue CPR.
less than
40% of adults receive layperson-initiated CPR
fewer than 12% have an AED applied before EMS arrival
44 Circulatory System
Despite recent gains, less than 40% of adults receive layperson-initiated CPR, and fewer than 12% have an AED applied before EMS arrival. (
cpr.aha.org)
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