Figure SPM.6. Reduction in the extent of Arctic sea ice by age 6


5


4 1-year-old ice 3 2-year-old ice 2 1


3-year-old ice 4-year-old ice


5+ year-old ice 0


1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Year


Source: United States National Snow and Ice Data Center (2017).


Note: A few decades ago, a large proportion of Arctic sea ice survived the summer melt. In 1984, more than a third of sea ice was older than five years. Figure SPM.6 shows the sharp reduction in sea ice of that age since then.


Figure SPM.7. Trends in numbers of loss-related natural events 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0


Year


Geophysicals events (Earthquake, tsunamis or volcanic activity)


Hydrological events (Floods or mass movement)


Source: Munich Re (2017). What is happening to our environment and how have we responded? 15


Meteorological events (Tropical cyclones, extratropical storms, convective storms or local storm)


Climatological events (Extreme temperatures, droughts or forest fire)


Number of events


Extent (106 km2)


1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


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