Table of Contents Upwind Sailing
Materials • US Sailing - Learn Sailing Right! Beginner Chapter 11 & 12 • Student Sheet 1 and 2 • Rulers • Protractors • White/ chalk board • Boats to sail – one design • Graph paper
Sailing Centers
Students should relate tacking to geometry and over-rotating to losing ground, especially in races. Implement Parts I, II, and III on separate days or just implement Parts I and III in one 3 hour sailing class. At this stage students should have a strong grasp of up and downwind sailing. The more experienced your sailors, the more impact this lesson will have.
Formal Classroom Settings
Implement Parts I and II of the lesson on separate days. Discuss and review the characteristics of different types of triangles and the characteristics of polygons.
Career Connection Engineers, Architects, Computer Graphic Designers, Robotics Engineers, Construction Workers, Interior Designers, Astronomists, and sailboat racers use geometry every day.
Background Knowledge
Students should know the definition of a triangle and the different types of triangles: isosceles, right, equilateral. A triangle is the simplest polygon. Review supplementary and complementary angles. Remind students that the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees. Students should understand that you cannot sail directly into the wind because of the “no go zone”. In order to sail upwind, one must sail approximately 45° to the wind, tacking back and forth. This is called beating to windward.
When beating to windward one ideally wants to tack 90 degrees from starboard to port tack or vice versa. Students should know how to make the boat tack by pushing the tiller towards the sail until the main sail breaks the no go zone. A right triangle contains a 90° angle, the other two angles adding up to 90° and the total of all three angles = 180°. When you over-rotate during a tack when sailing upwind the angle becomes greater than 90 degrees increasing the distance you need to sail. If you under-rotate through the tack the sails will not pass through the “no go zone” and the boat will lose speed and eventually come to a stop since the wind will not be applying pressure to the sails.
Extension Activities
Use handheld GPS units for Geocaching on land or on the water. Create your own treasure maps for geocaching as well as known geocache positions in your area –
www.geocaching.com
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