ISMSNEWS Wild mushroom research In Iran Dr
Ali Ammarellou and Dr Bahram Maleki Zanjani from the University of Zanjan in Iran have been working on the identification and introduction of important wild edible mushrooms in their country. Dr Ammarellou sent me a report on their recent work, summarized below. Wild mushrooms grow predominantly in the rainy autumns and snowy winters in Iran. Their nutritional and medicinal value has led many Iranians to enthusiastically use and consume them in spring. Following a decade of field and laboratory research, two classes of wild edible truffles have been identified by the researchers. The first type, which is more geographically spread, are desert truffles. They coexist with annual and perennial grassland plants and grow and sell in local markets from about February to June. The second type are forest truffles that coexist with trees such as oak and hazelnut, and are found only in the northern forests and the western shrubs of the country. In Iran, truffles are harvested by experienced local people using wooden sticks or shovels, and not by trained dogs. Based on the project results, Terfezia boudieri and Terfezia claveryi Chatin are the two common terfezia species in Iran. Another common desert truffle is Picoa lefebvre. Despite extensive field observations over a decade, the researchers could not find any Tuber spp. However, after the project concluded, the researchers received some ascomata from forests in the north eastern province of Golestan. The samples had different ascocarps and spores to published Iranian truffles spe- cies. Based on morphological and cytological characteristics, these
fungi were identified as Tuber uncinatum. This is the first report for the published mycobiota of Iran.
Giant puffballs are another edible and medicinal mushroom found in Iran. The project collected puffballs from Mari mountains of Zanjan. These mushrooms had 25 cm diameter and 1.4 - 3.0 kg weight. The microscopic characteristics such as size and shape of spore and its ornamentation were studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Spores under SEM look almost completely smooth, somewhat different from those Calvatia cf. booniana that had been reported from Khorasan in 1998. These results mean that additional data should be produced from these collections, as well as those from Spain and the USA, before deciding if Zanjan sample represents a different taxon. The project has also found that Pleurotus eryngii and Lepista saeva are two other genus of edible wild mushrooms found in Iran.
Vancouver: Going Ahead!
Despite Covid-19 virus concerns, the May 2021 ISMS Congress in Vancouver is going ahead. The draft program can be found here:
https://mushroomconference.org/agenda/ Congress Scientific Program Chair, Dr John Peccia, recently invited scientists and mar- keters interested in presenting their research work in oral or poster sessions in Vancouver, to begin preparing abstracts for submission. Abstract submissions open 8 June and close 30 October.
Greg Seymour, president ISMS
CULTIVATIONTIPS ADVISIE Tread carefully...
At this time of coronavirus, we are all in a constant state of awareness of hygiene, the use of face masks and disinfection. For people who inoculate compost in the dedicated inoculation hall, this has been part of their daily work for many years. These measures exclude patho- gens and keep the compost and the employees healthy.
By Con Hermans
AdVisie ‘the mushroom growing consultants’, Heythuysen
hermans@mushroomconsulting.nl
Photo: AdVisie
As everywhere, however, without controls the level of discipline gradually slackens off, and short cuts to make working easier start to become standard practice. So occasionally, it takes a quick scan by an objective outsider to draw attention to the correct methods and restore hygiene to a higher level. This scan scrutinises the general working methods, raw materials, compost quality, processes and installations. It attempts to resolve any weak links in the process chain at an early stage before they can cause problems and potential financial consequences. Years of experience mean you are familiar with where weak links are and can quickly identify the often apparently minor issues that can soon lead to major problems. The photo shows a disinfection tray at the entrance to the inoculation hall, where incoming employees should disinfect their footwear. This tray is completely dry, and microorganisms are growing on the organic matter in it. So, anyone who believes they are disinfecting their footwear is actually infecting instead. Precisely the opposite effect - and that makes it even more dangerous. Especially if you then have to walk over the ‘sterile’ spawnable compost in the tunnel wearing infected footwear to remove the compost sensors.
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