NEW PROTEINS ▶▶▶
The use of canola meal in pigs, poultry and aquaculture species
Recently, we reported in All About Feed about the increasing use of canola meal in dairy cow rations in many countries. However, this feed ingredient is also being used in feed for finishing beef cattle, and for swine, poultry and various aquaculture species.
BY TREENA HEIN, CORRESPONDENT D
In some mar- kets, the darker colour of a CM diet compared to diets mainly composed of corn and soy- bean can limit the use of CM.
r Rex Newkirk notes that today’s canola meal (CM) has no palatability issues. Plant breeding, different agronomic practices and improved processing have also greatly boosted consistency, says
Dr Newkirk, associate professor at the University of Saskatch- ewan in Canada and that province’s Ministry of Agriculture Endowed Research Chair in Feed Processing Technology. However, he goes on to say: “I think that some caution is re- quired in relation to meal from some regions [of the world] where CM and rapeseed meal are not effectively segregated.” He adds that another “common issue that seems to be hold- ing back growth [of CM use] in some traditional soybean mar- kets such as Asia, is its colour.” CM makes diets darker than those composed mainly of corn and soybean, but Newkirk
has observed that, as people get used to it, colour typically becomes a non-issue.
Swine According to Newkirk, CM is used extensively in swine in re- gions around the globe where canola is grown, such as West- ern Canada, Australia and Europe. However, in the US, ex- plains University of Illinois professor Dr Hans Stein, CM usage is “really low” because soybean meal (SBM) is easily available and “to use CM in many parts of the country, we need to truck it in from far away, and that increases the cost.” Dr Den- ise Beaulieu, assistant professor at the University of Saskatch- ewan, adds that using CM in swine rations at the expense of SBM can also cost a bit more due to CM’s lower energy con- tent. Dr Stein points to research over the last ten years in both Canada and the US that demonstrated that CM can fully replace SBM in diets for growing and finishing pigs and also in diets for sows without any reduction in animal perfor- mance. According to the Canola Council of Canada (CCC), ex- cept for lysine, CM provides an amino acid balance that tar- gets a pig’s required amino acid profile better than any other plant protein. So, Dr Stein thinks that in western Canada, Europe and other parts of the world where canola can be grown but soybean cannot, there could easily be an increase in CM usage in swine. High-protein canola may also contribute to its increased use.
Aquaculture In 2018, a review on replacing fish meal in aqua feeds using plant protein sources was published in the International Jour- nal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. Based on the studies that the authors included in this review, they concluded that plant proteins can replace fish meal either in part or completely when certain diet conditions are in place. China is one of the leading countries for aquaculture, and there, several plant proteins are used in fish diets. According to Dr Charles Qin (the CM representative in Asia for CCC), these include CM im- ported from Canada or made locally using imported seed, and rapeseed meal made locally using conventional or
24 ▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 28, No. 9, 2020
PHOTO: THE CANOLA COUNCIL OF CANADA.
PHOTO: MISSET
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