After adjusting the formula, the slaughter weight of broilers increased by 1.2% compared with the control group, the FCR decreased by 1.9%, and diarrhoea and mortality were signifi- cantly reduced. This is because the addition of bile acids can improve the digestibility and utilisation of nutrients and make the most of the potential value of feed; on the other hand, it can increase the amount of unconventional raw ma- terials used to reduce costs. Bile acids can combine in the in- testines and degrade anti-nutritional factors and endotoxins in some unconventional raw materials. At the same time, they can excrete toxins from the body by stimulating the liver to secrete a large amount of thin bile, thus protecting the health of the liver. This shows that the addition of bile acids can im- prove feed utilisation, stabilise feed quality, reduce feed costs and improve breeding performance.
Bile acids Bile acids are the main active components of bile, which has a series of functions such as protecting liver and gall-blad- der health and promoting lipid digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrients. The bile acids molecule contains both hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, as well as hydrophobic alkyl groups, so that bile acids have strong surface activity, which can re- duce the surface tension between oil and water, promote the emulsification of fat, and expand the fat contact area with lipase, thus preparing the fat in the feed for full diges- tion. When bile acids forms a complex with pancrelipase, the lid structure of pancrelipase is opened up. At the same time, the spatial structure of pancrelipase changes to form a
hydrophobic channel, which facilitates the entry of hydro- phobic substances into the pancrelipase. In the upper part of the duodenum, lipids are decomposed into glycerol, fatty acid, monoglyceride, etc. by lipase. Monoglycerides, fatty acids, cholesterol, lysophospholipids and bile acids form mixed micelles, which are greatly enhanced in polarity and can be transported freely in the intestinal water environ- ment. When the mixed micelles are transported to the lower duodenum and upper jejunum, the small intestine chorion- ic membrane ruptures on contact and the fatty acid is ab- sorbed through the membrane to complete the absorption of fatty acids. Bile acids play an important role in the emul- sification, digestion and absorption of fat in animals, and this role cannot be replaced by other emulsifiers. In addi- tion, bile acids can stimulate liver cells to secrete a large amount of thin bile, unblock the bile duct, eliminate bile stasis, and have a choleretic effect. At the same time, many drug residues, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other harmful substances are excreted from the bile, thus maintaining ani- mal health. As a result of the extensive use of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry, antibiotics are killing bacteria and producing a large amount of endotoxins that seriously af- fect animal health. Bile acids can effectively decompose en- dotoxins and prevent the accumulation of endotoxins in the liver. Given the current epidemic, feedmills should consider vari- ous aspects in order to reduce costs. In addition to concen- trated production, procurement nearby , and best value procurement, the focus should be on cost savings related to formulas in order to keep the industry competitive.
▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 28, No. 10, 2020
The addition of bile acids in broiler feed can improve the di- gestibility and utilisation of nutrients.
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