11. What can produce a blind arc on a vessel? List three examples.


12. Having identified likely blind arcs on board a vessel, suggest a step you could take to ensure you can effectively assess a risk of collision?


13. What is the difference between ‘shall’ and ‘may’ for the purposes of IRPCS? 14.


Suggest two factors you would take into consideration when determining a safe speed?


15. When must rules concerning shapes be complied with? 16. When must navigation lights be displayed? 17. Under what circumstances, if any, is it permissible to make a departure from the IRPCS?


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