ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION AIDS
1. You are planning a route on a paper chart and intend to use a GNSS receiver, which does not have a chartplotter facility, as an aid to navigation.
a) Why would you avoid placing waypoints directly on navigational aids or features? b) When transferring the waypoint positions from the paper chart to the GNSS there is potential for error. What steps should you take to reduce this?
2.
Is the information shown on the following chartplotter screens sufficient to independently verify the displayed position? Explain your answer and identify any additional techniques that would provide further verification.
a) Approaching Port Fraser at night
A
b) Approaching Blackmill Marina in restricted visibility
B
c) Approximately 35NM SE of Misery Point
C
3.
a) What type of information does this symbol indicate and where would you see it? b) Is there an equivalent for a typical leisure vessel chartplotter?
4. Which is potentially more dangerous, a log that over-reads or one that under-reads? Give your reasons.
5. When siting a GNSS aerial on a vessel should it be placed: a) As low as practicable? b) As high as practicable? Give the reason for your choice.
6. When using radar as a pilotage aid, why might it be difficult to identify a narrow harbour entrance from a distance. 7. When using radar for navigation, would you place more emphasis on range or bearings? Why? 8.
a) Define each of the following: i)
Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)
ii) Raster Navigational Chart (RNC) iii) Electronic Chart iv) Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) v) Radar vi) Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (MARPA) vii) Automatic Identification System (AIS)
b) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using a chartplotter with a radar overlay compared to one with an AIS overlay in the following scenarios: i)
Pilotage
ii) Adverse weather detection iii) The perception, comprehension and projection of a potential collision situation
9. Why is it important for a navigator to practise using aids such as radar and electronic navigation systems in clear weather and good visibility?
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