4 Water/Wastewater
Monitoring of Polluted Waters in Vietnam's Industrial Zones
The continued strong economic growth in Vietnam increases the demand on appropriate sites for industrial parks. Currently, there are more than 200 industrial zones (IZ) registered, of which the majority do not have a sustainable waste water treatment solution. The consequences are highly polluted and toxic waters. In the context of the flagship project 'AKIZ' , sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, a reliable water monitoring system for the analysis of toxic pollutions has been installed.
Using these toximeter reliable databases from diverse waste water analyses can be set up and are of great importance for the technical and economic planning of the project.
In addition to the construction of a central sewage treatment plant in the industrial zone, this German-Vietnamese joint project also develops an exemplary integrated waste water concept for industrial zones for Tra Noc Industrial Zone in Can Tho City, located in the Mekong-Delta. The joint project is planned to be finished by 2014. It is devided into several sub- projects of which one is the development, installation, and operation of a containerised laboratory with the aim to monitor diverse waste water parameters – among them toxicity.
The Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management at the University of Witten/ Herdecke GmbH (IEEM), the Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry (VIIC) and LAR Process Analysers AG are partners of this 5th sub-project in order to develop a monitoring concept. Using containerised pilot installations, high technology solutions are being tested for the decentralised waste water pre-treatment as well as for their capability to be adapted to specific local circumstances. A database of polluted waste waters by toxins will be worked out in order to be used for a monitoring programme. Additionally, not only the local conditions but also the tropical climate must be considered for a proper operation of the laboratory and monitoring stations.
LAR AG is the leading manufacturer of water analysers in Germany and in charge of the installation and operation of the project's laboratory. Among others, LAR AG equipped the laboratory with analysers for the determination of toxicity as well as biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD). These measuring systems are maintained by the manufacturer together with trained personnel from the project partners.
The Challenge Author Details:
Dr. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Genthe LAR Process Analysers AG Neuköllnische Allee 134 12057 Berlin
The precarious situation of the open waste water pipes leads to grave environmental pollutions. The danger to people and nature grows steadily. Hence, in order to detect toxic contamination and any inhibitors that may affect the biological treatment processes of a waste water treatment plant, the laboratory's first main focus is on the identification of relevant measuring points and parameters. Since the majority of the population lives at rivers and lakes another focus is on surface water monitoring, as waters that are polluted by toxins endanger human health and the environment.
What is toxicity? Toxicity means the direct harmful effect of substances to organisms. It can already occur at small concentrations of these substances. It is a sum parameter that does not describe specific
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Figure 1: Mekong-Delta at Can Tho (IEEM, AKIZ-Project, sponsored by “Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
substances but the effect of such. There are a few test methods on the market that test whether the water sample triggers toxic effects on certain organisms such as fish, daphnia, algae or luminescence bacteria. However, many of these organisms are hard to obtain or to cultivate. Daphnia for example can only be cultivated under laboratory conditions and their suitability for toxicity tests is limited to a certain stage of development. Furthermore, many of these above-mentioned organisms are not sensitive enough or only sensitive against a certain group of toxins. In the case toxicity occurs, often the complete measuring system will be affected and the test organisms need to be replaced completely. Hence, the measuring methods are not well suited for online measurements in general as well as for the use as de-centralised monitoring in particular.
Figure 2: Open sewage pipe in Tra Noc Industrial Zone (IEEM, AKIZ-Project, sponsored by Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
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