16 Environmental Laboratory
for analysis using CIC, as the high temperature ICP ion source ensures that the elemental response of the target element (iodine in this case) is essentially independent of the compound in which the target element is present. The quantitation of the iodine content in these unidentified peaks is listed in Table 2.
Conclusions
We have successfully quantified iopromide in a series of environmental water extracts using an Agilent 1260 LC coupled to an Agilent 7700x ICP-MS. This experimental arrangement allowed for us to establish an analytical method with a lower method reporting limit (MRL) of 0.1 ppb iopromide in extracts prepared via automated SPE. The use of the HMI interface allowed for an extended (>24 h) analysis to be completed (using non-volatile eluents) with minimal matrix deposition on the interface cones, and the use of He collision gas mode provides effective removal of polyatomic interferences. Not only does our work confirm and quantitate the presence of iopromide in these environmental samples, it indicates the presence of other iodinated organic compounds in these samples that are likely from anthropogenic sources and may prove to be biologically active.
References
1. Steger-Hartmann, T. et al. (2002). Investigations into the environmental fate and effects of iopromide (ultravist), a widely used iodinated x-ray contrast medium. Water Research, 36(1), 266–274.
2. Ternes, T. A. & Hirsch, R. (2000). Occurrence and behavior of x-ray contrast media in sewage facilities and the aquatic environment.
Environmental Science & Technology, 34(13), 2741–2748.
3. Carballa, M., et al. (2004). Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant. Water Research, 38(12), 2918–2926.
4. Kormos, J. L., Schulz, M. & Ternes, T. A. (2011). Occurrence of iodinated x-ray contrast media and their biotransformation products in the urban water cycle. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(20), 8723–8732.
5. Drewes, J. E., Fox, P. & Jekel, M. (2001). Occurrence of iodinated x-ray contrast media in domestic effluents and their fate during indirect potable reuse. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A — Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 36(9), 1633–1645.
6. Drewes, J. E., et al. (2003). Fate of pharmaceuticals during ground water recharge. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 23(3), 64–72.
7. Snyder, S. A., et al. (2007). Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. Desalination, 202(1–3), 156–181.
8. Dickenson, E. R. V. et al. (2011). Indicator compounds for assessment of wastewater effl uent contributions to flow and water quality. Water Research, 45(3), 1199–1212.
9. Duirk, S. E., et al. (2011). Formation of toxic iodinated disinfection byproducts from compounds used in medical imaging. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(16), 6845–6854.
10. Schulz, M. et al. (2008). Transformation of the x-ray contrast medium iopromide in soil and biological wastewater treatment.
Environmental Science & Technology, 42(19), 7207–7217.
11. Richardson, S. D. et al. (2008). Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(22), 8330–8338.
12. Richardson, S. D. et al. (2007). Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection byproducts in drinking water: A review and roadmap for research. Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research, 636(1–3), 178–242.
13. Smith, E. M. et al. (2010). Comparison of byproduct formation in waters treated with chlorine and iodine: relevance to point-of-use treatment. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(22), 8446–8452.
14. Putschew, A., Schittko, S. & Jekel, M. (2001).
Quantification of triiodinated benzene derivatives and x-ray contrast media in water samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 930(1–2), 127–134.
15. Hirsch, R. et al. (2000). A sensitive method for the determination of iodine containing diagnostic agents in aqueous matrices using LC- electrospray-tandem-MS detection. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 366(8), 835–841.
16. Ternes, T. A. (2001). Analytical methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals in aqueous environmental samples. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 20(8), 419–434.
17. Vanderford, B. J. et al. (2011). Assessment of sample preservation techniques for pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and steroids in surface and drinking water. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 399(6), 2227–2234.
New Highly Inert GC Columns for Challenging Environmental Semivolatiles Analysis
Phenomenex Inc. (USA) a global specialist in the research and manufacture of advanced technologies for the separation sciences, introduces Zebron ZB- SemiVolatiles GC columns. Specially designed for the separation of semivolatile compounds, the new columns feature Phenomenex’s proprietary Enviro-Inert technology, which improves column inertness for ultra-low-level detection without altering selectivity. Zebron ZB-SemiVolatiles GC columns separate 135 compounds in under 14 minutes, and exceed the demands of EPA 8270D suitability requirements. Available now in the U.S. and Canada, the new columns are ideal for semivolatile compound analysis in drinking water, wastewater and soil samples and other environmental applications.
Zebron ZB-SemiVolatiles GC columns deliver rugged performance in addition to improved peak shapes and response for acids, amines and PAHs, compared to other products on the market. The new offering provides the same elution order when switching from other five percent phenyl-arylene columns. Zebron columns hold calibration and are rugged enough to withstand multiple injections, for long life and reduced downtime.
Each ZB-SemiVolatiles GC column is individually QC-tested using two rigorous, specially designed mixes. The first is a traditional mix that tests for efficiency, selectivity, bleed and general activity. The second is the 8270D tune mix, which includes an MS tuning standard (DFTPP), the 8270D suitability compounds (Benzidine, Pentachlorophenol, and DDT) and an additional test probe (Pyridine, an active base). “No other manufacturer uses this second test mix, which is even more rigorous than what is required for EPA system suitability, and competing columns fail our QC tests,” explains Kory Kelly, technical manager for GC and environmental products at Phenomenex. “This gives our customers confidence because the column has already passed the suitability requirements for this demanding method.”
Ryan McKernan of TestAmerica, Inc. is an early user of the Zebron ZB-SemiVolatiles GC column. “I have found the Phenomenex ZB- SemiVolatiles columns to be superior in quality and durability to any other products we have used. The columns not only last longer, but the reproducibility is extraordinary,” he said. “The column holds calibrations particularly well, even after multiple injections of samples with difficult matrices. All of this equates to less downtime and maintenance and more productivity for TestAmerica.”
Reader Reply Card No. 46 France is Partner Country at analytica Vietnam 2013
Due to a change in the Vietnamese lunar calendar – and the resulting shift in the Vietnamese national holiday – analytica Vietnam will start one day early. The trade fair will open its gates at the Saigon Exhibition & Convention Centre in Ho Chi Minh City from April 17 – 19, 2013. 2013 is the Year of France and Vietnam, so France will be the official Partner Country at analytica Vietnam.
analytica Vietnam is now in its third year, and interest among companies remains very high. Besides large contingents of exhibitors from Japan and India, a large number of Germany companies are participating in the fair including several leading manufacturers such as Eppendorf, Julabo and Netzsch. There will also be an official German pavilion. Agilent, Bruker, Dionex, DKSH, Horiba, Sartorius, Shimadzu and Thermo Fischer are among the leading international companies that are increasingly founding subsidiaries in Vietnam and registering through them. Historically close relations between France and Vietnam will also be reflected at this year’s fair. France is this year’s official Partner Country. French companies will present their products and latest developments, among other things at a joint exhibition stand. The Partner Country program also accounts for a number of events on the agenda.
As always, the analytica Vietnam Conference, which is being supervised by Prof. Dr. Kettrup, former working at the Technical University Munich, and Prof. Dr. Viet (Hanoi University of Science), takes place at the same time as the fair. This year’s program of events includes lectures on topics including food analysis, pharmaceuticals and environmental technology. For example, Dr. Huebschmann (Thermo Fisher Scientific) will discuss workflow when analysing pesticides in food. Among other things, the presentation will examine the latest techniques being used to analyse pesticides and dioxins.
One of the workshop highlights is a tutorial from Professor Boos (Medical Center, University Munich/ Germany) on "Current trends in the cleanup of body fluids for LC-MS/MS analysis of small molecules". The tutorial addresses laboratory managers as well as analysts in pharmaceutical and chemical laboratories. It will give them background know-how about FDA/EU, ICH, PIC/S, USP and ISO 17025. The workshop on “Equipment qualification and system
validation in regulated laboratories” by Doctor Huber (Labcompliance/ Germany) will inform managers from pharmaceutical and food laboratories about the latest requirements and strategies that pertain to FDA/EU, ICH, PIC/S, USP and ISO 17025. On April 19, a workshop organised by the National Agency for Science and Technology Information (NASATI) will give participants an overview of available technologies in the laboratory-technology, analysis and biotechnology sectors for the Vietnamese market.
analytica Vietnam 2013 is organised by Messe München International (Germany) and its subsidiary IMAG (International Fair and Exhibition Service) as well as the NASATI.
Reader Reply Card No. 47 AET Annual Buyers’ Guide 2013
www.envirotech-online.com Reader Reply Card No. 48
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