peripheral venous catheter–related adverse events 1259
table 1. Patient Characteristics and Peripheral Venous Catheter– Associated Adverse Events (PVCAEs)
Variable
Age, median y (range) Female
Charlson’s comorbidity score 0–1 2–3 >3
Skin condition Healthy Lesions
No. of PVCs, median (range)
Anatomical site of insertion Hand
Forearm
Anticubital Arm Leg
Foot
Hospital unit at insertion Medicine Surgery
Intensive care Others
Documentation of dressing
Type of dressing Nonocclusive dressing Unclean dressing
Covered transparent dressing
Duration of PVC, median d (range) Total PVC days
Incidence of PVCAEs per 1,000 PVC days Mechanical Clinical
PVCAE type per 1,000 PVC days PVC-associated infection Phlebitis
Hematoma Occlusion
Dislodgement Leaking
NOTE. PVC, peripheral venous catheter.
nor did we assess all known risk factors associated with PVCAEs including type of infusate, cathetermaterial, and type of cannula dressing.2,4–10 Second, our PVCAE definition was derived mainly from clinical parameters, and >50% of the study popu- lation were elderly. Third, thesmall sample size in our studymay have limited our capacity to identify other potential risk factors associated with PVCAEs. Despite these limitations, our study results suggest that the PVCAE burden is underestimated in this tropical country. Proper training for PVC insertion, main- tenance, and monitoring after PVC insertion are crucial com- ponents of improving care to prevent PVCAEs in tropical countries with high humidity and temperature.
No. (%) (N=500)
64 (49–76) 256 (51.2)
254 (51.8) 180 (36)
66 (13.2) 414 (82.8)
82 (17.2) 1 (1–7)
281 (42) 187 (29)
86 (17.2) 26 (5)
52 (10) 16 (3)
200 (40)
124 (24.8) 95 (19)
81 (16.2) 339 (67.8)
36 (7.2) 59 (11.8) 405 (81)
3 (1–24) 2,594
45.96 27.52
1.53
19.11 6.88
24.46 5.36
16.05 references
1. Gorski LA, Dora H, Kuehn SC. Recommendation for frequency of assessment of the short peripheral catheter site. J Infus Nurs 2012;35:290–292.
2. Abolfotouh MA, Salam M, Bani-Mustafa A, White D, Balkhy HH. Prospective study of incidence and predictors of peripheral intravenous catheter-induced complications. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014;10:993–1001.
3. Soifer NE, Borzak S, Edlin BR, Weinstein RA, Reese M. Prevention of peripheral venous catheter complications with an intravenous therapy team. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:473–477.
4. Maki DG, Kluger DM, Crnich CJ. The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:1159–1171.
5. Trinh TT, Chan PA, Edwards O, et al. Peripheral venous catheter- related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011;32:579–583.
6. LeeW-LL, ChenH-LL, Tsai T-YY, et al. Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter infection in hospitalized patients: a prospective study of 3165 patients. Am J Infect Control 2009;37:683–686.
7. Rickard CM, McCann D, Munnings J, McGrail MR. Routine resite of peripheral intravenous devices every 3 days did not reduce complications compared with clinically indicated resite: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine 2010;8:53.
8. Rickard CM, Webster J, Wallis MC, et al. Routine versus clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Lancet 2012;380: 1066–1074.
9. Webster J, Clarke S, Paterson D, et al. Routine care of peripheral intravenous catheters versus clinically indicated replacement: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2008;337:a339.
10. Maddox RR, Rush DR, Rapp RP, Foster TS, Mazella V, McKean HE. Double-blind study to investigate methods to prevent cephalothin-induced phlebitis. Am J Hosp Pharm 1977;34:29–34.
acknowledgment
Financial support: No financial support was provided relevant to this article. Potential conflicts of interest: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
Anucha Apisarnthanarak, MD;1 Nalini Singh, MD, MPH;2 David J. Weber, MD, MPH3
Affiliations: 1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand; 2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Depart- ment of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Global Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington DC; 3. Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Address correspondence to Anucha Apisarnthanarak, MD, Division of
Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand, 12120 (
anapisarn@yahoo.com).
Received April 29, 2017; accepted July 5, 2017; electronically published
August 10, 2017 Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1258–1259 © 2017 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 0899-823X/2017/3810-0020. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2017.164
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144
