Quantifying Polymer Deposition
time for the polymer to significantly penetrate the cuticle. In fact, since the data and images were collected with a light microscope, it was difficult to tell whether the polymer had penetrated the cuticle or had just accumulated on the surface of the cuticle. Figure 9 shows, aſter 1.5 h of diffusion, complete polymer penetration, and the fluorescence image indicates the width of the cuticle to be about 4 μm.
Conclusion Microfluorometry has a number of advantages over other
forms of analysis with a microscope; the technique has high sensitivity and specificity. Since the fluorescence is observed as luminosity on a dark background, fluorescent constituents of the specimen can be detected in extremely small amounts. Once an area is chosen for analysis, a measurement can be made almost instantaneously. In the cosmetic industry micro- fluorometry has proven to be invaluable. Formulators can obtain quantitative information regarding active ingredients such as cationic polymers that go into hair care products. Te technique can be used to determine diffusion rates of polymers labeled with fluorophores and can be used to monitor damage to hair caused from exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
Acknowledgements Te author wishes to acknowledge Trevor Evans for sug-
gestions on data analysis and Ram Ramaprisad for discussions on fluorophore chemistry.
References [1] CR Robbins, Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair, (4th ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2002.
[2] KR Ramiprasad et al., Int J Cosmet Sci 30(1) (2008). [3] SB Ruetsch and YK Kamath, Int J Cosmet Sci 27(2) (2005) 142–43.
[4] RL McMullen and J Jachowicz, J Soc Cosmet Chem 49 (1998) 223–44.
[5] ML Garcia et al., J Soc Cosmet Chem 29 (1978) 155–75. [6] VNE Robinson, J Soc Cosmet Chem 27 (1976) 155–61. [7] SB Ruetsch and YK Kamath, J Cosmet Sci 56 (2005) 323–30. [8] ML Tate et al., J Soc Cosmet Chem 44 (1993) 347–71. [9] P Hossel et al., Int J Cos Sci 22(1) (2000) 1–10.
[10] Nikon Instruments Inc., “Introduction to Fluorescence Microscopy.” Microscopy U: Te Source for Microscopy Education.
www.microscopyu.com/techniques/fluores- cence/introduction-to-fluorescence-microscopy (accessed May 18, 2019).
[11] FWD Rost, Quantitative fluorescence microscopy, Cam- bridge University Press, New York, 1990.
[12] Nemzeti Fejleszlési Ügynökség. “Introduction to Practical Biochemistry.” ELTE TTK ONLINE.
http://elte.prompt. hu/sites/default/files/tananyagok/IntroductionToPracti-
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[13] CL Gummer, J Cosmet Sci 52(5) (2001) 265–80. [14] L Pötsch and MR Moeller, J Forensic Sciences 41 (1996) 121–25.
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