Micrographs with Cloud Computing
Table 2: Technology and cost advantages of the cloud-based approach over a desktop-based approach. A more informative version can be accessed via http://www.
digimsolution.com/software/digim-i2s/return-investment-comparison/
Desktop
Data considerations Life cycle management
Searching, logging, and retrieving
Usability User interface Accessibility
Cost factors Hardware cost
Licensing, installation, and other information technology experts
Desktop computer Web browser via computer, tablet, or phone
Local or remote desktop software
High Required
data access and computation are occasionally required. A light user does not necessarily mean a less sophisticated user. Hence cloud computing offers the same level of sophistication regardless of the frequency of use and commitment from the user. It is simply a differ- ent way of accounting usage time. Table 2 summarizes the technology and cost advantages of a cloud-based image processing approach over a desktop-based approach.
image processing
Example applications Industrial applications rely
increasingly on microscopy imag- ing and image processing to inno- vate. By employing a cloud-based approach, users gain the ability to solve problems previously consid- ered unsolvable. Indeed, expanded capability rather than cost savings is more oſten the primary driv- ing force for the adoption of cloud computing. Te following examples give a glimpse into how researchers in pharmaceutical
science, geosci-
ence, and materials science are using a cloud-based image processing approach with the DigiM I2S. Note all DigiM I2S simulations are con- ducted directly on segmented imag- ing data, without simplifications of the microstructure or reductions of resolution using resampling.
30
Anytime and anywhere with an internet connection
None None
None Manual Yes Automatic Cloud
Pharmaceutical. A common
approach to improve the solubil- ity and bioavailability of poorly soluble
active solid dis- pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) is to formulate the API in a biologically friendly amorphous state. It is critical to control the amorphous
persion (ASD) process and ensure that the API does not recrystal- lize. A pharmaceutical study was conducted jointly between AbbVie, Inc. and DigiM to measure crystal- line APIs in an ASD formulation [3]. Te crystallinity of the API was quantitatively characterized using 3D X-ray MicroCT (XRTmicron, Rigaku Americas Corporation, Te Woodlands, Texas). Tablet samples composed of indomethacin API in copovidone (PVPVA) polymer with
Figure 2: Two different rock types categorized by pore microstructure and the level of multi-scale imaging required to image the pore microstructure [5,6]. (a) SEM image of a cross section of Niobrara chalk with monodis- pered pores that can be sufficiently characterized by SEM imaging alone at a single magnification per sample. (b) Relative permeability simulation from DigiM I2S on four samples (solid symbols with four shapes). The x-axis is water saturation, and the y-axis is relative permeability on a log scale. Green and blue symbols and lines are simu- lation results for oil relative permeability and water relative permeability, respectively. Red dots are experimental oil permeability measurements that validate the simulation results. (c) SEM image of a cross section of Alaska sandstone, rock with clay-bound intercrystalline microporosity in addition to porosity related to larger cracks. (d) X-ray MicroCT image of cross section of Alaska sandstone overlaid with a micro-fracture model constructed from a series of SEM images. Red color indicates large pore throat size, and blue color indicates smaller pore throat size.
www.microscopy-today.com • 2019 March
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