Question 5 5.1 Orange, violet, indigo 


5.2 Red 


5.3 Absorbed  5.4 Transmitted 


5.5 Lens focuses light  to form image on retina.  Certain cone cells can detect green light.  They send a message along the optic nerve to the brain. 


Question 6 6.1 Hydrogen 


6.2 Heat  and light 


6.3 Nuclear reactions occur at very high temperatures and pressure.  Oxygen is not required. There is no oxygen in space to support a fire. 


Question 7 7.1 Mercury 


(1) (1) (1) (1)


(4) [8]


(1) (2)


(2) [5]


(1)


7.2 The further a planet is from the Sun,  the longer it takes to circle the Sun.  (2) 7.3 Greater radius (distance from Sun)  means greater circumference (path length of planet around Sun). 


(2)


7.4 The further a planet is from the Sun,  the lower the surface temperature of the planet. 


7.5 Radiation from the Sun spreads out as you move away from Sun,  solar energy intensity decreases so lower temperatures. 


7.6 Venus is covered with thick clouds of sulfuric acid,  which increase the greenhouse effect,  so temperatures are higher than expected 


Question 8 8.1 Ice caps 


8.2 B → F → A → E → C → D  (one mark per correct pair, even if other steps in between)


8.3 During evaporation  (2) (2) (3) [12] (1) (5)


(1) [7]


Total: 70 marks


148


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