the report concluded.22


“Onsite testing by


law enforcement and first responders is a smaller market, compared with laboratory- based complex testing, but growth has been steady, as employers or state laws dictate a drug-free workplace.”23


mandatory for millions of federal workers, which also adds to the uptick for the drug testing industry.24


6 7


https://www.gwpharm.com/.


https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/ PressAnnouncements/ucm611046.htm.


8 Federal drug tests are 9 If marijuana is reclassified,


or if the pending Fairness in Federal Drug Testing Under State Laws Act (H.R. 6589) bill—which will end mandatory drug testing for federal workers—is passed,25


it could


negatively impact this industry, and, over time, this policy could bleed over to the entire workplace-testing scenario. Lastly, although the government would


benefit from increased tax revenue, it would lose the tax-deductions revenues that are not now permissible for marijuana businesses. One analysis shows that if marijuana were fully legal in all 50 states, it would create at least a combined $131.8 billion in federal tax revenue between 2017 and 2025.26


Tat


is based on an estimated 15% retail sales tax, payroll tax deductions, and business tax revenue.27


“Allowing marijuana businesses


to take normal deductions was expected to cost the federal government $5 billion in tax revenue over the next decade.”28 Does this outcome change if marijuana


is entirely removed from the Controlled Substances Act? Tat is another topic to be explored. ❚


References 1 2 https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/812.


https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/legal-pot/amid-opioid- crisis-researchers-aim-put-medical-marijuana-test-n904276; http://globaldrugpolicy.org/Images/cannabinoids%20for%20 medical%20use.pdf; Whiting, P., R. Wolff, S. Deshpande, M. Di Nisio, S. Duff, A. Hernandez, C. Keurentjes, S. Lang, K. Misso, S. Ryder, S. Schmidlkofer, M. Westwood, and J. Kleignen, 2015. “Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” JAMA 313: 2456–2473; Hill, K. 2015. “Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems: A Clinical Review.” JAMA 313: 2474–2483.


3


https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/ PressAnnouncements/ucm611046.htm.


4


Douglas W. House, Insys Launches Syndros in U.S., Seeking Alpha (Jul. 31, 2017, 11:30 AM), https://seekingalpha.com/ news/3283371-insys-launches-syndros-u-s.


5


http://law.emory.edu/ecgar/perspectives/volume-5/ perspectives/big-pharma-marijuana-legalization-paradox.html.


38 datia focus 28 24 13 10


http://law.emory.edu/ecgar/perspectives/volume-5/ perspectives/big-pharma-marijuana-legalization-paradox. html#section-0b79795d3efc95b9976c7c5b933afce2; Andre Bourque, Is Big Pharma for or Against Legalizing Medical Marijuana? Maybe Both., Entrepreneur (Aug. 8, 2017), https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/297984.


http://law.emory.edu/ecgar/perspectives/volume-5/ perspectives/big-pharma-marijuana-legalization-paradox.html.


http://law.emory.edu/ecgar/perspectives/volume-5/ perspectives/big-pharma-marijuana-legalization-paradox.html.


11


http://law.emory.edu/ecgar/perspectives/volume-5/ perspectives/big-pharma-marijuana-legalization-paradox. html#section-0b79795d3efc95b9976c7c5b933afce2.


12


http://www.theprospectordaily.com/2017/02/28/the-sticky- path-to-legalization-in-texas/.


http://globaldrugpolicy.org/Images/cannabinoids%20for%20 medical%20use.pdf; Whiting, P., R. Wolff, S. Deshpande, M. Di Nisio, S. Duff, A. Hernandez, C. Keurentjes, S. Lang, K. Misso, S. Ryder, S. Schmidlkofer, M. Westwood, and J. Kleignen, 2015. “Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” JAMA 313: 2456-2473; Hill, K. 2015. “Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems: A Clinical Review.” JAMA 313: 2474–2483.


14


http://www.kcchronicle.com/2018/07/11/when-marijuana- is-legal-in-canada-americans-are-expected-to-flock-but-the- border-and-u-s-law-stands-in-the-way/aw9600r.


15


https://www.law.com/ctlawtribune/2018/08/27/prohibition- and-the-future-of-marijuana-in-connecticut/?slretu rn=20180728140405.


16


https://mjbizdaily.com/former-molson-ceo-all-alcohol- companies-involved-cannabis/.


17


https://mjbizdaily.com/constellations-purchase-canopy- stake-transformative-portends-investments/.


18


https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/08/28/which- marijuana-partner-will-diageo-pick-here-are.aspx.


19


https://mjbizdaily.com/constellations-purchase-canopy- stake-transformative-portends-investments/.


20 21 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4399000/.


https://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/ pharmaceuticals/drug-testing-technologies-markets-report- phm013g.html.


22


https://globenewswire.com/news- release/2017/06/15/1024596/0/en/Drug-Testing-Industry- Sees-Steady-Expansion.html.


23 https://globenewswire.com/news-


release/2017/06/15/1024596/0/en/Drug-Testing-Industry- Sees-Steady-Expansion.html.


The Federal Drug-Free Workplace Program was initiated by Executive Order 12564 to establish the goal of a drug-free federal workplace. The Program made it a condition of employment for all federal employees to refrain from using illegal drugs on or off duty. https://www.samhsa.gov/ newsroom/press-announcements/201709291000


25


https://3ncb884ou5e49t9eb3fpeur1-wpengine.netdna-ssl. com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Fairness-in-Federal-Drug- Testing-Under-State-Laws-Act.pdf.


26


https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2018/01/10/ study-legal-marijuana-could-generate-more-than-132- billion-in-federal-tax-revenue-and-1-million-jobs/?utm_ term=.49636311688b.


27


https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2018/01/10/ study-legal-marijuana-could-generate-more-than-132- billion-in-federal-tax-revenue-and-1-million-jobs/?utm_ term=.49636311688b


https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/08/06/the-sneaky- reason-congress-may-not-want-to-legaliz.aspx.


winter 2019


Judge Mary A. Celeste (ret.) sat on the Denver County Court bench from 2000 to 2015. She was the Presid- ing Judge for 2009 and 2010 and the co-founder of


the Denver County Court Sobriety Court. She is the current chair of the ABA National Conference of Specialized Court Judges and Faculty for the National Center for DWI Courts (NCDC) and the National Judicial College (NJC). She has served as the presi- dent of the American Judge’s Association and the Colorado Women’s Bar Association Foundation, and as a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) judicial outreach liaison. She has written many articles and is a national speaker on the topics of marijuana, marijuana drug- impaired driving, and specialty courts. She has presented to NADCP, APPA, AJA, ABA, DATIA, NHTSA, Lifesavers, Pennsylvania DUI Association, Michigan and Louisiana Association of Drug Court Professionals, and to judges, specialty court conferences, and safety highway offices in the states of Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, North Caro- lina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and in Canada.


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