8/ MARCH/APRIL 2018 THE RIDER The Way of Horses: Cousins
By Eleanor Blazer Copyright @ 2018
pos?
horses! “Hippo” is Greek for “horse”. Despite the name, the hippopotamus and the horse are not even closely re- lated.
Is “hippology” the study of hip- No, it is actually the study of
up at an Equidae family reunion (horses, zebras and asses) would be tapirs and rhinoceroses. They are
Distant cousins who would show
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minant herbivores – they eat plants, but do not have a rumen. Animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats) swallow the feed directly into a fermentation vat, the rumen, where it is broken down by bacteria. It is then regur- gitated as a “cud” and chewed again before being re-swallowed. Members of the perissodactyla group do not chew a cud and are hindgut fermenters – they have a cecum. The cecum is part of the large
each foot. Tapirs have four toes on the front, and three on the back. Like equidae the non-prominent toes are not fully formed or shorter than the third digit. All of the cousins are non-ru-
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there are either one, three or five hoofed toes on each hind foot. The third toe of all three cousins is the largest. In the Equidae family only the third toe is used. It is encased within the hoof wall. The unused equid toes are terminated during fetal development. The first and fifth toes do not form at all. Splint bones are the remnants of the sec- ond and fourth toe. Rhinos have three toes on
members of the perissodactyla (odd-fingered) group. The rela- tionship is determined by the unique toe configuration, digestive system and elongated skull. In the perissodactyla group
characteristic of the perissodactyla group’s members. Instead of hav- ing a wide skull it is long and nar- row. The jaw and nasal bones are also “stretched”. Other similarities are the ab-
intestine. Within the cecum are microbes that aid in the digestion of cellulose and fiber. Fermenta- tion and the extraction of nutrients take place in the cecum. Elongated skulls are also a
cetaceans (whales, dolphins, por- poises). The “river horse” is not related to the horse at all!
sence of a collar bone and possess- ing upright ears. It is interesting that the closest cousins to the hippopotamus are
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