6. Kofinas, G. & Russell, D. E. 2004. North America. In: Ulvevadet, B. & Klokov, K. (eds.) Family-Based Reindeer Herding and Hunting Econ- omies, and the Status and Management of Wild Reindeer/Caribou Populations. Centre for Sammi Studies: University of Tromsø, Trom- sø, Norway.
7. Russell, D. E. & Ulvevadet, B. 2004. Conclusion. In: Ulvevadet, B. & Klokov, K. (eds.) Family-Based Reindeer Herding and Hunting Econ- omies, and the Status and Management of Wild Reindeer/Caribou Populations. Centre for Saami Studies: University of Tromsø, Trom- sø, Norway.
8. Hentonnen, H. & Tikhonov, A. 2008. Rangifer tarandus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2009.2.
www.iucnredlist.org [Ac- cessed 15 December 2009].
9. Russell, D. 2007. Arctic Report Card 2007: State of Reindeer Herds.
http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/report07/essay_russell.html [Accessed 28 January 2010].
10. Gunn, A. 2003. Voles, lemmings and caribou - population cycles re- visited? Rangifer Special Issue. 14: 105-111.
11. Gunn, A., Russell, D. E., White, R. G. & Kofinas, G. 2009. Facing a Future of Change: Wild Migratory Caribou and Reindeer. Arctic. 62: iii - iv.
12. Vors, L. S. & Boyce, M. S. 2009. Global declines of caribou and rein- deer. Global Change Biology. 15: 2626-2633.
13. Klokov, K. 2004. Russia. In: Ulvevadet, B. & Hklokov, K. (eds.) Fam- ily-Based Reindeer Herding and Hunting Economies, and the Status and Management of Wild Reindeer/Caribou Populations. Centre for Saami Studies: University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
14. Nellemann, C., Kullerud, L., Vistnes, I., Forbes, B. C., kofinas, G. P., Kaltenborn, B. P., Grøn, O., Henry, D., Magomedova, M., Lambre- chts, C., larson, T. S., Schei, P. J. & Bobiwash, R. 2001. GLOBIO - Global Methodology for mapping human impacts on the biosphere. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
15. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2004. Vital Arc- tic Graphics - People and global heritage on our last wild shores. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
16. Schaefer, J. A. 2003. Long-term range recession and the persistence of caribou in the taiga. Conservation Biology. 17: 1435-1439.
17. Vistnes, I. & Nellemann, C. 2008. The matter of spatial and temporal scales: a review of reindeer and caribou responses to human activity. Polar Biology. 31: 399-407.
18. Vors, L. S., Schaeffer, J. A., Pond, B. A., Rodger, A. R. & Patterson, B. R. 2007. Woodland caribou extirpation and anthropogenic land- scape disturbance in Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management. 71: 1249-1256.
19. European Union. Bern Convention.
http://europa.eu/legislation_ summaries/environment/nature_and_biodiversity/
l28050_en.htm [Accessed 27 January 2010].
20. EIONET. EU Nature Directives Article 17 Reporting. http://biodiver-
sity.eionet.europa.eu/activities [Accessed 27 January 2010].
21. Jernsletten, J. L. & Klokov, K. 2002. Sustainable Reindeer Husbandry. Arctic Council Report. Centre for Saami Studies: University of Trom-
90 PROTECTING ARCTIC BIODIVERSITY
sø, Tromsø, Norway,
22. International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry (ICRH). About Rein- deer Husbandry.
http://icr.arcticportal.org/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=175&Itemid=55&lang=en&limitstart=4 [Accessed 25 January 2010].
23. Reindeer Herding Vulnerability Network Study (EALÁT). About EA- LÁT
http://icr.arcticportal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view =article&id=245&Itemid=86&lang=en [Accessed 25 January 2010].
Alcids 1. Gaston, A. J. & Jones, I. L. 1998. The Auks - Alcidae. Oxford Univer- sity Press, USA, 388 pp.
2. Gaston, A. J. 2004. Seabirds: A Natural History. Yale University Press, New Haven, 224 pp.
3. Birldlife International. 2004. Species Factsheet: Common Guil- lemot Uria aalge.
http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index. html?action=
SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3302#FurtherInfo [Accessed 17 January 2010].
4. BirdLife International. 2004 Species factsheet: Atlantic Puffin (Fra- tercular arctica).
http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index. html?action=
SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3321#FurtherInfo [Accessed 17 January 2010].
5. Gaston, T. Personal communication. 2009. Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
6. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA). 2005. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1042 pp.
7. BirldLife International. 2004. Species factsheet: Little Auk (Alle alle).
http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index. html?action=
SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3301&m=0 [Accessed 17 Jan- uary 2010].
8. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). 2004. AMAP Assessment 2002: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, 310 pp.
9. Jenssen, B. M. 2006. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climate change: a worst-case combination for Arctic Marine Mammals and Seabirds. Environmental Health Perspectives. 114, Supplement 1.
10. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). 2000. Workshop on Seabird Incidental Catch in the Waters of Arctic Countries: Report and Recommendations. CAFF Technical Report # 7, October 2000.
11. Bakken, V. & Falk, K. 1998. Incidental take of seabirds in commercial fisheries in the Arctic countries. CAFF Technical Report. Conserva- tion of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), 50 pp.
12. Hjermann, D. Ø., Ottersen, G. & Stenseth, N. C. 2004. Competition among fishermen and fish causes the collapse of Barents Sea capelin. PNAS. 101: 11679-11684.
13. Hamre, J. 1994. Biodiversity and exploitation of the main fish stocks in the Norwegian-Barents Ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation. 3: 473-492.
14. Chardine, J. & Menderhall, V. 1998. Human Disturbance at Arctic
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100