I Arctic biodiversity: impacts and pressures Human Activities Worldwide Climate change


Melting sea ice Decreased


snow cover Changes in precipitation patterns


Permafrost thawing


Habitat loss along migration routes


Mineral exploration, extraction and development


Depletion of food sources along migration routes


grounds outside the Arctic Long range transport


of contaminants Loss of wintering Decreased habitat quality Changes in vegetation


Unsustainable harvest


Oil spills


Increased human activity (tourism, shipping, development)


Invasive species


Fragmentation of habitat Loss of habitat


Population declines


Change in Native Biodiversity Ecosystem state change


Decrease in populations Extinctions


Decrease in spatial distribution


Increased vulnerability


Reproduced with kind permission from CAFF LIMITATIONS AND STRENGTHS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS 33 II In the Arctic


IMPACTS


PRESSURES


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