at a favourable conservation status, introducing robust protection for those habitats and species of European importance. The habitats listed in Annex 1, and species listed in Annex II of the Directive, are protected by means of a network of sites – “Natura 2000”.
I
ILO Convention # 169 Shorthand for the Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries. Adopted in 1989, entered into force 1991. The broad objectives of the Convention include giving recognition to, consulting with and empowering the rights of Indigenous Peoples.
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
As modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto. Adopted in 1973, entered into force in 1983. Its stated objective is to preserve the marine environment through a complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances. The Convention contains 6 annexes which cover the prevention of different forms of marine pollution from ships.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) ICES coordinates and promotes marine research on oceanography, the marine environment and on living marine resources in the north Atlantic. Members include all coastal states bordering the north Atlantic and the Baltic Sea, with affiliate members in the Mediterranean Sea and southern hemisphere. ICES is an important source of scientific advice on the marine ecosystem to governments and international regulatory bodies that manage the north Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas.
International Maritime Organization (IMO) Established in 1948, and is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for improving maritime safety and preventing pollution from ships. IMO is the source of about 60 legal instruments that guide the regulatory development of its member states to improve safety at sea, facilitate trade amongst seafaring states, and protect the marine environment.
International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008
A large scientific programme focused on the Arctic and Antarctic from March 2007 to March 2009. IPY 2007-2008 was organized by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Founded in 1948, it is the world’s largest global environmental
84 PROTECTING ARCTIC BIODIVERSITY
network. IUCN provides a neutral forum for governments, NGOs, scientists, business and local communities to find pragmatic solutions to conservation and development challenges. IUCN established the Species Survival Commission, which provides information on biodiversity to conservation organizations, government agencies and other IUCN members.
IUCN Red List Shorthand for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, it provides an objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. Its goals are to “identify and document those species most in need of conservation attention if global extinction rates are to be reduced; and to provide a global index of the state of change in biodiversity”.
J
Jakarta Mandate Shorthand for Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity. Global consensus on the importance of marine and coastal biological diversity, adopted in 1995 by the second Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Includes the program of work on marine and coastal biodiversity under CBD.
Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission Established in 1976 to manage cod, haddock and capelin in the Barents Sea, and is also involved in other aspects of fisheries regulation.
M
Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA) MEAs are internationally agreed-upon measures to protect the environment and/or to promote sustainable development.
N
North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) An intergovernmental fisheries science and management body, founded in 1979 as a successor to the International Commission of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF). NAFO’s overall objective is to contribute through consultation and cooperation to the optimum utilisation, rational management and conservation of the fishery resources of the Convention area.
North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMCCO) An international body for cooperation on the conservation, management and study of marine mammals in the North Atlantic. NAMCCO provides a mechanism for co-operation on conservation and management for all species of cetaceans (whales and dolphins) and pinnipeds (seals and walruses) in the region.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100