o Electromagnetic fields (EMF).
Decommissioning o Temporary physical disturbance; o Smothering due to increased suspended sediment; o Re-mobilisation of contaminated sediments; and o Underwater noise and vibration.
57.
These identified effects broadly align with the pressure categories identified by JNCC and Natural England (JNCC and Natural England 2013b) either directly (e.g. in the case of physical loss) or indirectly (e.g. in the case of non-physical disturbance which equates to underwater noise and vibration and EMF).
58.
Within the East Anglia THREE site and offshore cable corridor, construction activities such as the installation of foundations, cables and ancillary structures and the placement of jack-up vessel legs, will cause physical disturbance and indirect disturbance through increased suspended sediment and production of underwater noise and vibration.
59. Operation of the proposed project will create more permanent (i.e. for the 25 year predicted lifespan of the proposed project) impacts through the loss of existing habitat and introduction of new substrate. Other temporary impacts identified during operation will be caused by maintenance activities such as the use of jack up vessels and the replacement and repair of any cables or through scour associated with the installed infrastructure.
60. Decommissioning impacts will be primarily caused by the removal of structures from the seabed. Decommissioning would cause similar impacts to that identified during construction.
61.
The significance of such impacts would be dependent on the characteristics of the habitats and communities present within the footprint of the impact and, in particular, the capacity of the affected communities to recover from those impacts identified.
62.
Impacts to offshore habitats will be small scale when put in the context of the wider environment being localised to the proposed project and in many cases to individual elements of the proposed project. Therefore the potential for impacts to offshore habitats caused by the proposed project to be experienced outside of the proposed project boundaries is extremely limited.
HRA High Level Screening May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm Page 18
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