22.
The International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Ships (MARPOL Convention) 73/78.
These key European Directives are transposed into UK law through a number of regulations set out below.
8.4.1.1 Water Framework Directive 23.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a key piece of European legislation relating to the protection of water quality and the ecological status of freshwaters, transitional waters and coastal waters out to one nautical mile (nm).
24.
The WFD provides a mechanism by which regulatory controls on human activities, that have the potential to impact on water quality, can be managed effectively and consistently. In addition to a range of inland surface waters and groundwater, the WFD covers transitional waters (estuaries and lagoons) and coastal waters out to 1nm. Existing regulations that will eventually be subsumed by the WFD include the Freshwater Fish Directive (consolidated as 2006/44/EC), the Shellfish Waters Directive (consolidated as 2006/113/EC) and the Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC). The WFD is implemented in England and Wales primarily through the Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales) Regulations 2003 (known as the Water Framework Regulations).
25. UK surface waters have been divided into a number of discrete units termed 'water bodies', with typologies that relate to both their physical and ecological characteristics. Based on ecology and water quality, these water bodies have then been classified into different status classes which have specific objectives in relation to achieving good ecological status.
26.
The WFD requires that all inland and coastal waters must reach at least 'good' status by 2015 and that the status of all surface water bodies should not deteriorate. Individual water bodies that have been modified to the extent that it will not be possible for them to meet the WFD targets are categorised as Heavily Modified Water Bodies.
8.4.1.2 Dangerous Substances Directive/ Priority Substances Directive 27.
The Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC) and its ‘daughter’ Directives are concerned with controlling the level of discharges that may contain dangerous substances that may reach inland, coastal and territorial waters. The Directive identified substances for which limit values and environmental quality standards were established at European Level (List I).
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Chapter 8 Marine Water and Sediment Quality Page 11
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