Table 12.4 National and international legislation in relation to marine mammals Legislation
Protection
The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010
All cetaceans, grey and harbour seal
Details
In England and Wales, The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2007 (as amended) consolidate all the various amendments made to the Conservation (Natural Habitats, andc.) Regulations 1994, implementing the requirements of the Habitats Directive into UK law. All cetacean species are listed under Schedule 2 (EPS) and all seals are listed under Schedule 4 (animals which may not be captured or killed in certain ways).
Provisions of The Habitats Regulations are described further below. It should be noted that the 2010 Habitats Regulations only apply within the territorial seas.
Offshore Marine Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 2007 (as amended)
Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS)
The Berne Convention 1979
All cetaceans, grey and harbour seal
The Offshore Marine Conservation Regulations 2007 (as amended) apply the Habitats Directive to marine areas within UK jurisdiction, beyond 12 nautical miles, and provide further clarity on the interpretation of “disturbance” in relation to species protected under the Habitats Directive. Thus enabling energy developers to better qualify and, where possible, quantify, the impacts on marine mammals and determine whether the potential disturbance is permissible as part of a consented development. Provisions of The Offshore Marine Regulations are described further below.
Odontocetes
Formulated in 1992, this agreement has been signed by eight European countries bordering the Baltic and North Seas (including the English Channel) and includes the United Kingdom (UK). Under the Agreement, provision is made for the protection of specific areas, monitoring, research, information exchange, pollution control and increasing public awareness of small cetaceans.
All cetaceans, grey seal Halichoerus grypus and harbour seal Phoca vitulina
The Bonn Convention 1979 All cetaceans
The Convention conveys special protection to those species that are vulnerable or endangered. Appendix II (strictly protected fauna): 19 species of cetacean. Appendix III (protected fauna): all remaining cetaceans, grey and harbour seal. Although an international convention, it is implemented within the UK through the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (with any aspects not implemented via that route brought in by the Habitats Directive).
Protects migratory wild animals across all, or part of their natural range, through international co- operation, and relates particularly to those species in danger of extinction. One of the measures identified is the adoption of legally binding agreements, including ASCOBANS.
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Chapter 12 Marine Mammal Ecology Page 15
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