22 May / June 2016
Figure 5: Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro- β-D-glucopyranose) is produced in the pyrolysis of cellulose and is therefore commonly used as an indicator for biomass combustion.
mannosan and galactosan – all products of wood combustion – were analysed, as well as several biological sugars, alcohols, etc., which are typically found on aerosol particles. The high-capacity column achieves good separation of all substances which thus can be determined in a single analysis.
A new Carbohydrate Column
The Metrosep Carb 2 chromatography column (Figure 7) excels with its high ion exchange capacity, i.e., with the high number of ion exchange groups contained in its carrier material. This allows clean separation of the various sugars. Applications are found in a wide range of industries: water and environmental analysis, the pharmaceutical and food industries, forensics, the cosmetic industry, and the quality control of biofuels. In addition to carbohydrate analysis, the Metrosep Carb 2 is also suitable for determinations in samples with high salt content where lower-capacity columns fail, e.g., seawater.
References
Figure 6: Determination of indicators for wood combustion (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) and biological sugars and alcohols, which are found in aerosols such as pollen. Column: Metrosep Carb 2 - 150/4.0; eluent: 10 mmol/L sodium hydroxide; column temperature 45°C; sample volume 100 µL; flow 1.0 mL/min; amperometric detector: PAD mode; WE: Au; RE: Pd; working potential: 50 mV
[1] Ebermann, R., Elmadfa, I. (2008): Lehrbuch Lebensmittelchemie und Ernährung. Vienna: Springer Verlag.
[2] Rocklin, R. D. and Pohl, C. A. (1983) J. Liq. Chromatogr. 6: 1577–1590
[3] De Benedetto, G. E. et al. (2000) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 368: 739–758.
[4] Fritz, J. S. and Gjerde, D. T. (2000): Ion Chromatography. Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany): WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH.
Figure 7: The carbohydrate column Metrosep Carb 2 is available in three models: 250 mm, 150 mm, and 100 mm.
Carbohydrates as Tracers in Environmental Analysis
Fine dust limit values, which are used as health protection measures, are regularly being violated in many places. When looking for the culprit, the usual suspects are traffic
and industry, but residential wood burning used for heating, too, has been linked to high fine dust values [5]. The tracer levoglucosan (Figure 5) is often determined in order to detect wood combustion. Figure 6 shows the determination of a standard solution in which, in addition to levoglucosan,
[5] German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (2015): «Analyse des quantitativen Einflusses der Holzverbrennung auf die Feinstaubkonzentration in Berlin und Brandenburg anhand des Tracers Levoglucosan (Levoglucosan)». Retrieved on May 18, 2015 from
http://www.bfr.
bund.de/de/analyse_des_quantitativen_ einflusses_der_holzverbrennung_auf_ die_feinstaubkonzentration_in_berlin_ und_brandenburg_anhand_des_tracers_
levoglucosan__levoglucosan_-193056.html.
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