17
oligosaccharides in the presence of large amounts of glucose and fructose. The profile of honey’s low concentration carbohydrates provides a ‘signature’ of the honey’s origin. This analysis can also detect adulteration of honey with lower cost sweeteners. Figure 5 shows the separation of three honey samples and a standard containing some carbohydrates often found in honey. The separation uses the CarboPac PA210-4 µm Fast column, which was designed for high resolution separations of carbohydrates such as those found in honey using only a sodium hydroxide eluent. Note the different carbohydrate profiles of the three samples, especially with respect to the intensity of individual peaks. This is consistent with Swallow and Low’s report that honeys have most of the same carbohydrates but differ in the relative concentrations of those carbohydrates [8].
Conclusion:
Three applications were presented; the carbohydrate determination of instant coffee, the analysis of beverages for glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and the profiling of low-abundance carbohydrates in honey. These show that HPAE-PAD is a fast, high resolution chromatography method for determining carbohydrates in food and beverages. For each application the carbohydrate determination is direct as no sample derivatisation is required for either analyte separation or detection.
References:
1.21 CFR 101.9 - NUTRITION LABELING OF FOOD
http://www.accessdata.fda. gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch. cfm?fr=101.9
2. J. L. Willems, N. H. Low. J. Agric. Food Chem. 62 (2014) 11737.
3. C. Corradini, A. Cavazza, C .Bignardi
Inter. J. Carbo. Chem. 2012 (2012) Article ID 487564.
4. AOAC Official Method 995.13, Carbohydrates in Soluble (Instant) Coffee.
5. J. Rohrer Thermo Scientific, Technical Note 21.
http://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/ brochures/TN-21-Optimal-Settings-Pulsed- Amperometric-Detection-Carbohydrates- ED40-TN70670-EN.pdf
6. E.D. Pauli, F. Barbieri, P.S. Garcia, T.B. Madeira, V.R.A. Junior, I.S. Scarminio, C. A. P. da Camara, S. L. Nixdorf Food Res. Inter. 61 (2014) 112.
7. L. Basumallick, J. Rohrer Thermo Scientific, Application Note 280. Carbohydrate in Coffee: AOAC Method 995.13 vs a New Fast Ion Chromatography Method. 2011.
http://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/ brochures/AN-280-IC-Carbohydrates-Coffee- HPAE-PAD-AN70231-EN.pdf
8. K. W. Swallow, N. H. Low J. of Agric. Food Chem. 38 (1990) 1828.
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