ebd environmental dna and infections 1133


figure 1. Surface-specific cleaning outcomes per 16S rDNA PCR (Panel A), blood agar (panel B) and MacConkey agar (panel C) measures. “+” indicates positive detection of relevant biomaterial by the cleaning efficacy measure and “–” connotes no detection. Surfaces were assayed for biomaterial presence both before and after terminal cleaning, and histogram legend indicia correspond to the following cleaning event classification types: “+/+” indicates ineffective, “ +/–” indicates successful, “–/+ ” indicates failed (by acquisition), and “–/–” indicates remained clean. Relative frequencies of each event type are presented. Within each biomaterial detection measure–specific chart, stacked bars are rank ordered by their respective surface’s propensity to repulse contaminants.


(Figure 2). On an absolute basis, the maternity ward harbored the most TOs by both approaches. As a percentage of rooms surveilled, the maternity ward was most likely to have cultivable TOs, and the pediatric ward was most likely to test positive for TO DNA (Figure 2). Certain surfaces were more likely than others to test positive for TOs (Table 2). No TOs were cultured from room door closers, and no TOs were detected on telephones or side rails by PCR (Table 2). A. baumannii and S. aureus were the most common


culturable TOs (cTOs) encountered and were typically isolated from sink- and toilet-related fixtures (Table 3). A. baumannii and E. coli were the TOs most commonly detected by PCR (Table 4). A. baumannii was most often found on IV therapy poles, toilet rails, and tray tables, and E. coli was most often found on toilet seats, toilet rails, and bathroom sinks (Tables 3 and 4). Culture-based recovery of TO after cleaning. TOs were cultured from 80 surfaces. A total of 55 surfaces harbored TOs


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140