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856


Journal of Paleontology 89(5):845–869


Figure 6. Maps of the wing structures and impressions of the Marsh specimen of Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, YPM 1778. (1) Dorsal surface of the left wing; (2) ventral surface of the right wing. Bones are shaded medium gray, the retrophalangeal wedge is shaded light gray, striae are indicated by thin black lines, and fold lines are indicated by heavy black lines. Stippling in (1) indicates excavations into the slab to expose the proximal part of WP1 and the dorsum of the skull, and in (2) indicates the fractured surface of the wedge of matrix immediately behind the wing phalanges that may represent the retrophalangeal wedge. The dashed lines in (2) indicate the presumed course of Fold Lines C and D. Abbreviations: sk, skull; or, orbit; utf, upper temporal fenestra; and wp, wing phalanx. Scale bars represent 3 cm.


pattern of small quadrangular sections; however, it is possible that the appearance of quadrangular sections results from the overlapping of two layers with only parallel lineations each. As noted by Padian and Rayner (1993), the left wing


preserves some irregular disturbances in the form of oval depressions in the soft-tissue impression and presumably were made by rounded objects embedded in, and projecting slightly above, the substrate upon which the specimen lay. The largest disturbance (~5 ×7mm) distorted the pattern of striae, with some striae bending laterally as if the patagium was stretched over the object and some striae obliterated in the middle of the disturbance (Fig. 7.2), which indicates that the striated surface was soft and compliant. It would be interesting to have access to the counterpart slab in order to determine what caused the disturbances. The impression of the left wing also preserves a small


section of soft tissue trace near its medial edge that has irregular margins and seems to be lying on top of the main impression


(Fig. 8). Within the lateral part of the small section there is a pattern of regular closely spaced broad slightly convex structures separated by narrow grooves. The majority of the structures are ~0.12mm wide with 7–8 per mm, whereas some are broader, ~0.2mm wide with 5 per mm. The appearance of the structures is markedly different from that of the striae of the main impression and also the loose fibers of the retrophalangeal wedge. The medial part of the small section has a smoother surface that is interpreted as surface epidermis. It is argued below that the linear structures in the lateral part of the small section represent positive impressions of actinofibrils.


Retrophalangeal wedge.—The left wing impression preserves traces of the retrophalangeal wedge extending from the medial edge of the impression to behind the proximal quarter of WP2. The trace is ~6.5mmwide behind the proximal part of WP2 and widens markedly as the posterior margin arcs posteromedially presumably toward the antebrachium. The lateral end of the


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