Azpelicueta et al.—Kooiichthys jono (Teleostei, Siluriformes)
Searches were performed from random addition sequences, followed byTBRand rounds of parsimony ratchet (Nixon, 1999), tree drifting, tree fusing, and sectorial searches (Goloboff, 1999) hitting five times the optimal scores. Impliedweighting was done under K-values ranging from 3 to 100 (Goloboff, 1993). Node reliability was estimated through symmetric resampling (Goloboff et al., 2003) and relative Bremer support (Bremer, 1994; Goloboff and Farris, 2001). The matrix was taken from morphological analysis of
Rodiles-Hernández et al. (2005). This is the unique matrix with morphological characters for all siluriform families. Although it was criticized in a revision, most modifications include species or genera of Siluroidei that were not treated in this paper. Diogo (2005, 2006) published morphological (303 characters) and myological phylogenies (91 characters), without the inclusion of all families. To the matrix of Rodiles-Hernandez et al. (2005),
characters of Bachmannia chubutensis (Azpelicueta and Cione, 2011), Kooiichthys jono, the characiform Brycon orbignyanus, and the gymnotiform Eigenmannia trilineata were added. All characters used here are in the Appendix 2. Some character were coded as missing (?), and the characters 81, 100, 101, 102, and 111 do not apply (−) for Kooiichthys. Modifications of five characters were done to include Kooiichthys jono. The modified character states are: character 99, autopalatine size and shape: large, sand clock–shaped (state 2); character 107, posterior limb of autopalatine: widening strongly (state 2); character 108, relative lengths of both autopalatine arms: post-articular arm of autopalatine longer (state 2); character 132, metapterygoid: longer than broad (state 2). Analyses were rooted in Gymnotiformes and Characiformes, with equal results. The matrix is included in Appendix 3.
Institutional Abbreviations.—AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A.; ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, U.S.A.; CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, U.S.A.; CI-FML, Fundación e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A.; MCZ, Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S.A.; MLP, Museo de La Plata, División Paleontología de Vertebrados, La Plata, Argentina; MPEF-PV, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew, Argentina; UMMZ, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A.; USNM, United States National Museum,Washington, U.S.A.
Systematic paleontology
Order Siluriformes sensu Regan, 1911 Family indeterminate
Genus Kooiichthys new genus
Type species.—Kooiichthys jono new species. Included species.—Type species only.
Diagnosis.—Kooiichthys is clearly distinguished by several unique characters: autopalatine very strong, with anterior and posterior portions depressed, expanded and equally wide,
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middle part narrow, posterior end gently convex, and post- articular portion longer than anterior one; metapterygoid longer than broad; and body of the Weberian complex extremely short. Kooiichthys also differs from all the other Siluriformes in the following combination of characters: large size; premaxillary dorsolateral process claw-shaped; toothed maxilla with a long arm and five or six rows of teeth; maxillary bone head with autopalatine condyle paired; anteriorly narrow mesethmoid with short neck and long cornua; lateral ethmoid wing absent; vomer anteriorly rhomboidal with two tooth plates; acccesory tooth patches under autopalatine present; at least two laminar infra- orbitals; large anterior metapterygoid process on which contact the autopalatine; anterior and posterior ceratohyal without interdigitations; both coracoids sutured at midline without
interdigitations; both cranial fontanelles widely open; first and fifth vertebrae with normal intervertebral joint; stout pectoral fin spines striated and anteriorly smooth but with rather irregular posterior dentations.
Occurrence.—As for Kooiichthys jono, the only known species.
Etymology.—Kooi, fish in the language of the Tehuelches (aborigines that inhabited the Patagonia before the invasion of the Araucanos from Chile in the XVII century) plus ichthys, fish in Greek.
Kooiichthys jono new species Figures 3–10
Holotype.—MPEF-PV 1613: Anterior part of neurocranium, suspensorium, basicranium, part of pectoral skeleton and fin, and anterior part of vertebral column.
Diagnosis.—As for genus.
Occurrence.—Type locality is the top of the lower bank in the marine cliffs of the Lobería (sealions reserve) of Puerto Pirámides, northwest of Puerto Pirámide, southern Península Valdés, Provincia del Chubut, Argentina (42º 35' 05'' S 64º 18' 11''W; Figs. 1, 2). Middle part of Puerto Madryn Formation, Chubut, Argentina, middle-late Miocene.
Etymology.—jono, ocean in the language of the Tehuelches, a substantive in apposition.
Description
General morphology.—The material is preserved in three dimensions, bones do not show deformation, and there is little dorsoventral flattening of the articulated elements (Figs. 3–6). The head appears to have been wide and relatively flat, differing from other primitive catfishes such as Diplomystidae and Bachmannidae. For this, the head preservation is in life position, as is frequent in other fossil catfishes such as Hypsidoris farsonensis and Astephus antiquus (Grande and Lundberg, 1988; Grande and Pinna, 1998). The preserved skeleton is greatly made up of trabecular bone, with relatively thin laminar bone. Kooiichthys jono n. gen. n. sp. is a medium-sized species. The minimum length from the snout tip to the end of
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